X-Git-Url: http://git.asbjorn.biz/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2Fgocr%2Fremove.c;fp=lib%2Fgocr%2Fremove.c;h=7224e70f4c140f74531430e3655e00acad4f5710;hb=fe0ca47a7024b0e592efecc1151962149fe8ce38;hp=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000;hpb=80fabd0e494d8049b3f3f793ad0444c0ea38bdb8;p=swftools.git

diff --git a/lib/gocr/remove.c b/lib/gocr/remove.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7224e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/gocr/remove.c
@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+/*
+This is a Optical-Character-Recognition program
+Copyright (C) 2000-2007 Joerg Schulenburg
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
+
+ see README for EMAIL-address
+*/
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "pgm2asc.h"
+#include "gocr.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+
+/* measure mean thickness as an criteria for big chars */
+int mean_thickness( struct box *box2 ){
+  int mt=0, i, y, dx=box2->x1-box2->x0+1, dy;
+  for (y=box2->y0+1; y<box2->y1; y++) {
+    i=loop(box2->p,box2->x0+0,y,dx,JOB->cfg.cs,0,RI);
+    i=loop(box2->p,box2->x0+i,y,dx,JOB->cfg.cs,1,RI);
+    mt+=i;
+  } 
+  dy = box2->y1 - box2->y0 - 1; 
+  if (dy) mt=(mt+dy/2)/dy;
+  return mt;
+}
+
+/* ---- remove dust ---------------------------------
+   What is dust? I think, this is a very small pixel cluster without
+   neighbours. Of course not all dust clusters can be detected correct.
+   This feature should be possible to switch off via option.
+   -> may be, all clusters should be stored here?
+   speed is very slow, I know, but I am happy that it is working well
+*/
+int remove_dust( job_t *job ){
+  /* new dust removing  */
+  /* FIXME jb:remove pp */
+  pix *pp = &job->src.p;
+  int i1,i,j,x,y,x0,x1,y0,y1,nC,sX,sY,sP, cs,vvv=job->cfg.verbose;
+  struct box *box2;
+#define HISTSIZE  220   /* histogramm */
+  int histo[HISTSIZE];
+  cs=job->cfg.cs; sP=sX=sY=nC=0;
+  /*
+   * count number of black pixels within a box and store it in .dots
+   * later .dots is re-used for number of objects belonging to the character
+   * should be done in the flood-fill algorithm 
+   * volume of white pixels is estimated to big here (left/right rot)
+   * ToDo: mean thickness of char lines?
+   *       or interval nesting (minP..maxP) to remove outriders
+   */
+  j=0;
+  for (i1=0;i1<HISTSIZE;i1++) histo[i1]=0;
+  /* mean value over every black object which is big enough */
+  for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+    box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if (!box2->num_frames) continue;
+    if (box2->frame_vol[0]<0) continue; /* don't count inner holes */
+    j = abs(box2->frame_vol[0]);
+    if ((box2->y1-box2->y0+1)>3) {
+       nC++; /* only count potential chars v0.42 */
+       sX+=box2->x1 - box2->x0 + 1;
+       sY+=box2->y1 - box2->y0 + 1;
+       sP+=j;
+    }
+    if (j<HISTSIZE) histo[j]++;
+  } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+  
+  if (job->cfg.dust_size < 0 && nC > 0) { /* auto detection */
+    /* this formula is empirically, high resolution scans have bigger dust */
+    /* maximum allowed dustsize (min=4*7 ca. 32)
+     *  does not work for background pattern!
+     */
+    job->cfg.dust_size = (  ( sX/nC ) * ( sY/nC ) + 16) / 32;
+    if (vvv) fprintf(stderr, "# dust size detection, vol num"
+      " #obj=%d maxDust=%d mpixel= %3d mxy= %2d %2d",
+      nC, job->cfg.dust_size, sP/nC, sX/nC, sY/nC);
+    /* we assume that for random dust applies histo[i+1]<histo[i] */
+    for (i=1;i+3<HISTSIZE;i++){
+      if (vvv) fprintf(stderr,"\n# dust size histogram %3d %5d",i,histo[i]);
+      if (histo[i]>=nC) continue; /* v0.42 lot of pixels -> bg pattern < 3 */
+      if (i>=job->cfg.dust_size) break;   /* maximum = mean size / 32 */
+      if (histo[i+1]==0) break;           /* bad statistic */
+      if ((histo[i+2]+histo[i+3])
+        >=(histo[i]  +histo[i+1])) break;  /* no noise, but to late? */
+      if ( histo[i-1] > 1024*histo[i] &&
+         2*histo[i+1] >=histo[i]) break;  /* bg pattern */
+    }
+    if (vvv) fprintf(stderr," break");
+    if (vvv) for (i1=0,j=i+1;j<HISTSIZE;j++) {
+      /* compressed, output only if something is changing */
+      if (j==HISTSIZE-1 || histo[j]!=histo[j-1] || histo[j]!=histo[j+1]) {
+        fprintf(stderr,"\n# dust size histogram %3d %5d",j,histo[j]);
+        if (++i1>20) break; /* dont do excessive output */
+      }
+    }
+    job->cfg.dust_size=i-1;
+    /* what is the statistic of random dust? 
+     *    if we have p pixels on a x*y image we should have
+     *    (p/(x*y))^1 * (x*y) = p         singlets     
+     *    (p/(x*y))^2 * (x*y) = p^2/(x*y) doublets and
+     *    (p/(x*y))^3 * (x*y) = p^3/(x*y)^2 triplets
+     */
+    if (vvv) fprintf(stderr,"\n# auto dust size = %d nC= %3d .. %3d"
+                            " avD= %2d %2d .. %2d %2d\n",
+                   job->cfg.dust_size, nC, job->res.numC,
+           (job->res.sumX+job->res.numC/2)/job->res.numC,
+           (job->res.sumY+job->res.numC/2)/job->res.numC, sX/nC, sY/nC);
+  }
+  if (job->cfg.dust_size)
+  { i=0;
+    if(vvv){
+       fprintf(stderr,"# remove dust of size %2d",job->cfg.dust_size);
+       /* Warning: better use (1/(x*y))^2 as 1/((x*y)^2),
+        * because (x*y)^2 may overflow */
+       fprintf(stderr," histo=%d,%d(?=%d),%d(?=%d),...\n# ...",
+          histo[1],histo[2],histo[1]*histo[1]/(pp->x*pp->y),
+          histo[3],         histo[1]*histo[1]/(pp->x*pp->y)
+                                    *histo[1]/(pp->x*pp->y)); 
+    }
+    i = 0;
+    for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+      box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+      x0=box2->x0;x1=box2->x1;y0=box2->y0;y1=box2->y1;	/* box */
+      j=abs(box2->frame_vol[0]);
+      if(j<=job->cfg.dust_size)      /* remove this tiny object */
+      { /* here we should distinguish dust and i-dots,
+         * may be we should sort out dots to a seperate dot list and
+         * after line detection decide, which is dust and which not
+         * dust should be removed to make recognition easier (ToDo)
+         */
+#if 0
+        if(get_bw((3*x0+x1)/4,(x0+3*x1)/4,y1+y1-y0+1,y1+8*(y1-y0+1),pp,cs,1)) 
+            continue; /* this idea was to simple, see kscan003.jpg sample */
+#endif
+        /* remove from average */
+        job->res.numC--;
+        job->res.sumX-=x1-x0+1;
+        job->res.sumY-=y1-y0+1;
+        /* remove pixels (should only be done with dust) */
+        for(x=x0;x<=x1;x++)
+        for(y=y0;y<=y1;y++){ put(pp,x,y,0,255&~7); }
+        /* remove from list */
+	list_del(&(job->res.boxlist),box2);
+	/* free memory */
+	free_box(box2);
+	i++; /* count as dust particle */
+	continue;
+      }
+    } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if(vvv)fprintf(stderr," %3d cluster removed, nC= %3d\n",i,job->res.numC);
+  }
+  /* reset dots to 0 and remove white pixels (new) */
+  i=0;
+  for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+    box2 = ((struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist)));
+    if (box2->frame_vol[0]<0) continue; /* for black areas only */
+    x0=box2->x0;x1=box2->x1;y0=box2->y0;y1=box2->y1;	/* box */
+    if (x1-x0>16 && y1-y0>30) /* only on large enough chars */
+    for(x=x0+1;x<=x1-1;x++)
+    for(y=y0+1;y<=y1-1;y++){
+      if( pixel_atp(pp,x  ,y  )>=cs
+       && pixel_atp(pp,x-1,y  ) <cs 
+       && pixel_atp(pp,x+1,y  ) <cs 
+       && pixel_atp(pp,x  ,y-1) <cs 
+       && pixel_atp(pp,x  ,y+1) <cs )  /* remove it */
+      {
+        put(pp,x,y,0,0); i++;  /* (x and 0) or 0 */
+      }
+    }
+  } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+  if (vvv) fprintf(stderr,"# ... %3d white pixels removed, cs=%d nC= %3d\n",
+     i,cs,job->res.numC);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* ---- smooth big chars ---------------------------------
+ * Big chars often do not have smooth borders, which let fail
+ * the engine. Here we smooth the borders of big chars (>7x16).
+ * Smoothing is important for b/w scans, where we often have
+ * comb like pattern on a vertikal border. I also received
+ * samples with lot of white pixels (sample: 04/02/25).
+ * ToDo: obsolete if vector code is complete
+ */
+int smooth_borders( job_t *job ){
+    pix *pp = &job->src.p;
+    int ii=0,x,y,x0,x1,y0,y1,dx,dy,cs,i0,i1,i2,i3,i4,n1,n2,
+        cn[8],cm,vvv=job->cfg.verbose; /* dust found */
+    struct box *box2;
+    cs=job->cfg.cs; n1=n2=0;
+    if(vvv){ fprintf(stderr,"# smooth big chars 7x16 cs=%d",cs); }
+    /* filter for each big box */
+    for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) { n2++; /* count boxes */
+        box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+        /* do not touch small characters! but how we define small characters? */
+        if (box2->x1-box2->x0+1<7 || box2->y1-box2->y0+1<16 ) continue;
+        if (box2->c==PICTURE) continue;
+        if (mean_thickness(box2)<3) continue;
+        n1++; /* count boxes matching big-char criteria */
+        x0=box2->x0;        y0=box2->y0;
+        x1=box2->x1;        y1=box2->y1;
+        dx=x1-x0+1;         dy=y1-y0-1;
+        /* out_x(box2);
+         * dont change to much! only change if absolutely sure!
+         *             .......    1 2 3
+         *       ex:   .?#####    0 * 4
+         *             .......    7 6 5
+         * we should also avoid removing lines by sytematic remove
+         * from left end to the right, so we concern also about distance>1  
+         */
+        for(x=box2->x0;x<=box2->x1;x++)
+         for(y=box2->y0;y<=box2->y1;y++){ /* filter out high frequencies */
+           /* this is a very primitive solution, only for learning */
+           cn[0]=getpixel(pp,x-1,y);
+           cn[4]=getpixel(pp,x+1,y);   /* horizontal */
+           cn[2]=getpixel(pp,x,y-1);
+           cn[6]=getpixel(pp,x,y+1);   /* vertical */
+           cn[1]=getpixel(pp,x-1,y-1);
+           cn[3]=getpixel(pp,x+1,y-1); /* diagonal */
+           cn[7]=getpixel(pp,x-1,y+1);
+           cn[5]=getpixel(pp,x+1,y+1);
+           cm=getpixel(pp,x,y);
+           /* check for 5 other and 3 same surrounding pixels */
+           for (i0=0;i0<8;i0++)
+             if ((cn[i0            ]<cs)==(cm<cs)
+              && (cn[(i0+7)     & 7]<cs)!=(cm<cs)) break; /* first same */
+           for (i1=0;i1<8;i1++)
+             if ((cn[(i0+i1)    & 7]<cs)!=(cm<cs)) break; /* num same */
+           for (i2=0;i2<8;i2++)
+             if ((cn[(i0+i1+i2) & 7]<cs)==(cm<cs)) break; /* num other */
+           cn[0]=getpixel(pp,x-2,y);
+           cn[4]=getpixel(pp,x+2,y);   /* horizontal */
+           cn[2]=getpixel(pp,x,y-2);
+           cn[6]=getpixel(pp,x,y+2);   /* vertical */
+           cn[1]=getpixel(pp,x-2,y-2);
+           cn[3]=getpixel(pp,x+2,y-2); /* diagonal */
+           cn[7]=getpixel(pp,x-2,y+2);
+           cn[5]=getpixel(pp,x+2,y+2);
+           /* check for 5 other and 3 same surrounding pixels */
+           for (i0=0;i0<8;i0++)
+             if ((cn[i0            ]<cs)==(cm<cs)
+              && (cn[(i0+7)     & 7]<cs)!=(cm<cs)) break; /* first same */
+           for (i3=0;i3<8;i3++)
+             if ((cn[(i0+i3)    & 7]<cs)!=(cm<cs)) break; /* num same */
+           for (i4=0;i4<8;i4++)
+             if ((cn[(i0+i3+i4) & 7]<cs)==(cm<cs)) break; /* num other */
+           if (i1<=3 && i2>=5 && i3>=3 && i4>=3) { /* change only on borders */
+             ii++;             /*   white    : black */
+             put(pp,x,y,7,((cm<cs)?(cs|32):cs/2)&~7);
+#if 0
+             printf(" x y i0 i1 i2 i3 i4 cm new cs %3d %3d"
+             "  %3d %3d %3d %3d %3d  %3d %3d %3d\n",
+              x-box2->x0,y-box2->y0,i0,i1,i2,i3,i3,cm,getpixel(pp,x,y),cs);
+#endif
+           }
+        }
+#if 0  /* debugging */
+        out_x(box2);
+#endif
+    } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if(vvv)fprintf(stderr," ... %3d changes in %d of %d\n",ii,n1,n2);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* test if a corner of box1 is within box2 */
+int box_nested( struct box *box1, struct box *box2){
+             /* box1 in box2, +1..-1 frame for pixel-patterns */
+ if (   (    ( box1->x0>=box2->x0-1 && box1->x0<=box2->x1+1 )
+          || ( box1->x1>=box2->x0-1 && box1->x1<=box2->x1+1 ) )
+     && (    ( box1->y0>=box2->y0-1 && box1->y0<=box2->y1+1 )
+          || ( box1->y1>=box2->y0-1 && box1->y1<=box2->y1+1 ) ) )
+   return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* test if box1 is within box2 */
+int box_covered( struct box *box1, struct box *box2){
+             /* box1 in box2, +1..-1 frame for pixel-patterns */
+   if (     ( box1->x0>=box2->x0-1 && box1->x1<=box2->x1+1 )
+         && ( box1->y0>=box2->y0-1 && box1->y1<=box2->y1+1 ) )
+   return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* ---- remove pictures ------------------------------------------
+ *   may be, not deleting or moving to another list is much better!
+ *   should be renamed to remove_pictures and border boxes
+ */
+int remove_pictures( job_t *job){
+  struct box *box4,*box2;
+  int j=0, j2=0, num_del=0;
+
+  if (job->cfg.verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr, "# "__FILE__" L%d: remove pictures\n# ...",
+            __LINE__);
+
+  /* ToDo: output a list for picture handle scripts */
+  j=0; j2=0;
+  if(job->cfg.verbose)
+  for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+    box4 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if (box4->c==PICTURE) j++; else j2++;
+  } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+  if (job->cfg.verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr," status: pictures= %d  other= %d  nC= %d\n# ...",
+            j, j2, job->res.numC);
+
+  /* remove table frames */
+  if (job->res.numC > 8)
+  for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+    box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if (box2->c==PICTURE
+     && box2->x1-box2->x0+1>box2->p->x/2  /* big table? */
+     && box2->y1-box2->y0+1>box2->p->y/2 ){ j=0;
+      /* count boxes nested with the picture */
+      for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+        box4 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+        if( box4 != box2 )  /* not count itself */
+        if (box_nested(box4,box2)) j++;  /* box4 in box2 */
+      } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+      if( j>8 ){ /* remove box if more than 8 chars are within box */
+        list_del(&(job->res.boxlist), box2); /* does not work proper ?! */
+        free_box(box2); num_del++;
+      }
+    }
+  } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+  if (job->cfg.verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr, " deleted= %d pictures (table frames)\n# ...",
+            num_del);
+  num_del=0;
+
+  /* remove dark-border-boxes (typical for hard copy of book site,
+   *  or spam random border)   */
+  if (job->res.numC > 1) /* dont remove the only char */
+  for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+    box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if (box2->c!=PICTURE) continue; // ToDo: PICTUREs set already?
+    if ( box2->x1-box2->x0+1 > box2->p->x/2
+      && box2->y1-box2->y0+1 > box2->p->y/2 ) continue;
+    j=0;
+    if (box2->x0==0) j++; 
+    if (box2->y0==0) j++;  /* on border? */
+    if (box2->x1==box2->p->x-1) j++;
+    if (box2->y1==box2->p->y-1) j++; 
+    if (j>2){ /* ToDo: check corner pixel */
+      int cs=job->cfg.cs;
+      j=0;
+      if (getpixel(box2->p,box2->x0,box2->y0)<cs) j++;
+      if (getpixel(box2->p,box2->x1,box2->y0)<cs) j++;
+      if (getpixel(box2->p,box2->x0,box2->y1)<cs) j++;
+      if (getpixel(box2->p,box2->x1,box2->y1)<cs) j++;
+      if (j>2) {
+        list_del(&(job->res.boxlist), box2);
+        free_box(box2); num_del++;
+      }
+    }
+  } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+  if (job->cfg.verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr, " deleted= %d pictures (on border)\n# ...",
+            num_del);
+  num_del=0;
+
+  j=0; j2=0;
+  if(job->cfg.verbose)
+  for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+    box4 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if( box4->c==PICTURE ) j++; else j2++;
+  } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+  if (job->cfg.verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr," status: pictures= %d  other= %d  nC= %d\n# ...",
+            j, j2, job->res.numC);
+  
+  for(j=1;j;){ j=0;  /* this is only because list_del does not work */
+    /* can be slow on gray images */
+    for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+      box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+      if( box2->c==PICTURE && box2->num_ac==0)
+      for(j=1;j;){ /* let it grow to max before leave */
+        j=0; box4=NULL;
+        /* find boxes nested with the picture and remove */
+        /* its for pictures build by compounds */
+        for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+          box4 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+          if(  box4!=box2   /* not destroy self */
+           && (box4->num_ac==0)  /* dont remove barcodes etc. */ 
+           && (/* box4->c==UNKNOWN || */
+                  box4->c==PICTURE) ) /* dont remove valid chars */
+          if(
+             /* box4 in box2, +1..-1 frame for pixel-patterns */
+               box_nested(box4,box2)
+             /* or box2 in box4 */
+            || box_nested(box2,box4) /* same? */
+              )
+          if (  box4->x1-box4->x0+1>2*job->res.avX
+             || box4->x1-box4->x0+1<job->res.avX/2
+             || box4->y1-box4->y0+1>2*job->res.avY
+             || box4->y1-box4->y0+1<job->res.avY/2
+             || box_covered(box4,box2) )   /* box4 completely within box2 */ 
+            /* dont remove chars! see rotate45.fig */
+          {
+            /* do not remove boxes in inner loop (bug?) ToDo: check why! */
+            /* instead we leave inner loop and mark box4 as valid */
+            if( box4->x0<box2->x0 ) box2->x0=box4->x0;
+            if( box4->x1>box2->x1 ) box2->x1=box4->x1;
+            if( box4->y0<box2->y0 ) box2->y0=box4->y0;
+            if( box4->y1>box2->y1 ) box2->y1=box4->y1;
+            j=1;   /* mark box4 as valid   */
+            break; /* and leave inner loop */
+          }
+        } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+        if (j!=0 && box4!=NULL) { /* check for valid box4 */
+          /* ToDo: melt */
+          list_del(&(job->res.boxlist), box4); /* does not work proper ?! */
+          free_box(box4); /* break; ToDo: necessary to leave after del??? */
+          num_del++;
+        }
+        
+      }
+    } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist)); 
+  }
+
+  if (job->cfg.verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr, " deleted= %d nested pictures\n# ...", num_del);
+
+  /* output a list for picture handle scripts */
+  j=0; j2=0;
+  if(job->cfg.verbose)
+  for_each_data(&(job->res.boxlist)) {
+    box4 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(job->res.boxlist));
+    if( box4->c==PICTURE ) {
+      fprintf(stderr," found picture at %4d %4d size %4d %4d\n# ...",
+         box4->x0, box4->y0, box4->x1-box4->x0+1, box4->y1-box4->y0+1 );
+      j++;
+    } else j2++;
+  } end_for_each(&(job->res.boxlist));
+  if (job->cfg.verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr," status: pictures= %d  other= %d  nC= %d\n",
+            j, j2, job->res.numC);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+  /* ---- remove melted serifs --------------------------------- v0.2.5
+                >>v<<
+        ##########.######## <-y0
+        ###################  like X VW etc.
+        ...###.......###... <-y
+        ...###......###....
+        j1       j2      j3
+  - can generate new boxes if two characters were glued
+  */
+int remove_melted_serifs( pix *pp ){
+  int x,y,j1,j2,j3,j4,i2,i3,i,ii,ni,cs,x0,x1,xa,xb,y0,y1,vvv=JOB->cfg.verbose;
+  struct box *box2, *box3;
+  progress_counter_t *pc = NULL;
+
+  cs=JOB->cfg.cs; i=0; ii=0; ni=0;
+  for_each_data(&(JOB->res.boxlist)) {
+    ni++; 
+  } end_for_each(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+  pc = open_progress(ni,"remove_melted_serifs");
+  ni = 0;
+
+  if(vvv){ fprintf(stderr,"# searching melted serifs ..."); }
+  for_each_data(&(JOB->res.boxlist)) {
+    box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+    if (box2->c != UNKNOWN) continue; /* dont try on pictures */
+    x0=box2->x0; x1=box2->x1; 
+    y0=box2->y0; y1=box2->y1;	/* box */
+    /* upper serifs */
+    for(j1=x0;j1+4<x1;){
+      j1+=loop(pp,j1,y0  ,x1-x0,cs,0,RI);
+      x  =loop(pp,j1,y0  ,x1-x0,cs,1,RI);	       if(j1+x>x1+1) break;
+      y  =loop(pp,j1,y0+1,x1-x0,cs,1,RI); if(y>x) x=y; if(j1+x>x1+1) break;
+      /* measure mean thickness of serif */
+      for(j2=j3=j4=0,i2=j1;i2<j1+x;i2++){
+        i3 =loop(pp,j1,y0   ,y1-y0,cs,0,DO); if(8*i3>y1-y0) break;
+        i3+=loop(pp,j1,y0+i3,y1-y0,cs,1,DO); if(8*i3>y1-y0) break;
+        if(8*i3<y1-y0){ j2+=i3; j3++; }
+      } if(j3==0){ j1+=x; continue; } 
+      y = y0+(j2+j3-1)/j3+(y1-y0+1)/32;
+
+      /* check if really melted serifs */
+      if( loop(pp,j1,y,x1-x0,cs,0,RI)<1 ) { j1+=x; continue; }
+      if(num_cross(j1 ,j1+x,y,y,pp,cs) < 2 ){ j1+=x;continue; }
+      j2 = j1 + loop(pp,j1,y,x1-x0,cs,0,RI);
+      j2 = j2 + loop(pp,j2,y,x1-x0,cs,1,RI);
+      i3 =      loop(pp,j2,y,x1-x0,cs,0,RI); if(i3<2){j1+=x;continue;}
+      j2 += i3/2;
+      j3 = j2 + loop(pp,j2,y  ,x1-j2,cs,0,RI);
+      i3 = j2 + loop(pp,j2,y+1,x1-j2,cs,0,RI); if(i3>j3)j3=i3;
+      j3 = j3 + loop(pp,j3,y  ,x1-j3,cs,1,RI);
+      i3 =      loop(pp,j3,y  ,x1-j3,cs,0,RI); 
+      if(i3<2 || j3>=j1+x){j1+=x;continue;}
+      j3 += i3/2;
+
+      if(x>5)
+      {
+	i++; /* snip! */
+	for(y=0;y<(y1-y0+1+4)/8;y++)put(pp,j2,y0+y,255,128+64); /* clear highest bit */
+	if(vvv&4){ 
+	  fprintf(stderr,"\n"); 
+	  //out_x(box2);
+	  fprintf(stderr,"# melted serifs corrected on %d %d j1=%d j3=%d",
+	    j2-x0, y, j1-x0, j3-x0);
+	}
+	for(xb=0,xa=0;xa<(x1-x0+4)/8;xa++){ /* detect vertical gap */
+	  i3=y1; 
+	  if(box2->m3>y0 && 2*y1>box2->m3+box2->m4) i3=box2->m3; /* some IJ */
+          if( loop(pp,j2-xa,i3,i3-y0,cs,0,UP) > (y1-y0+1)/2
+           && loop(pp,j2,(y0+y1)/2,xa+1,cs,0,LE) >=xa ){ xb=-xa; break; }
+          if( loop(pp,j2+xa,i3,i3-y0,cs,0,UP) > (y1-y0+1)/2 
+           && loop(pp,j2,(y0+y1)/2,xa+1,cs,0,RI) >=xa ){ xb= xa; break; }
+        }
+	if( get_bw(j2   ,j2   ,y0,(y0+y1)/2,pp,cs,1) == 0
+	 && get_bw(j2+xb,j2+xb,(y0+y1)/2,i3,pp,cs,1) == 0 )
+	{ /* divide */
+	  box3=malloc_box(box2);
+	  box3->x1=j2-1;
+	  box2->x0=j2+1; x1=box2->x1;
+	  cut_box(box2); /* cut vectors outside the box */
+	  cut_box(box3);
+	  box3->num=JOB->res.numC;
+	  list_ins(&(JOB->res.boxlist),box2,box3); JOB->res.numC++; ii++; /* insert box3 before box2 */
+	  if(vvv&4) fprintf(stderr," => splitted");
+	  j1=x0=box2->x0; x=0; /* hopefully ok, UVW */
+	}
+      }
+      j1+=x;
+    }
+    /* same on lower serifs -- change this later to better function
+    //   ####    ###
+    //    #### v ###       # <-y
+    //  #################### <-y1
+    //  j1     j2     j3
+     */
+    for(j1=x0;j1<x1;){
+      j1+=loop(pp,j1,y1  ,x1-x0,cs,0,RI);
+      x  =loop(pp,j1,y1  ,x1-x0,cs,1,RI);	       if(j1+x>x1+1) break;
+      y  =loop(pp,j1,y1-1,x1-x0,cs,1,RI); if(y>x) x=y; if(j1+x>x1+1) break;
+      /* measure mean thickness of serif */
+      for(j2=j3=j4=0,i2=j1;i2<j1+x;i2++){
+        i3 =loop(pp,j1,y1   ,y1-y0,cs,0,UP); if(8*i3>y1-y0) break;
+        i3+=loop(pp,j1,y1-i3,y1-y0,cs,1,UP); if(8*i3>y1-y0) break;
+        if(8*i3<y1-y0){ j2+=i3; j3++; }
+      } if(j3==0){ j1+=x; continue; } 
+      y = y1-(j2+j3-1)/j3-(y1-y0+1)/32;
+
+      /* check if really melted serifs */
+      if( loop(pp,j1,y,x1-x0,cs,0,RI)<1 ) { j1+=x; continue; }
+      if(num_cross(j1 ,j1+x,y,y,pp,cs) < 2 ){ j1+=x;continue; }
+      j2 = j1 + loop(pp,j1,y,x1-x0,cs,0,RI);
+      j2 = j2 + loop(pp,j2,y,x1-x0,cs,1,RI);
+      i3 =      loop(pp,j2,y,x1-x0,cs,0,RI); if(i3<2){j1+=x;continue;}
+      j2 += i3/2;
+      j3 = j2 + loop(pp,j2,y  ,x1-j2,cs,0,RI);
+      i3 = j2 + loop(pp,j2,y-1,x1-j2,cs,0,RI); if(i3>j3)j3=i3;
+      j3 = j3 + loop(pp,j3,y  ,x1-j3,cs,1,RI);
+      i3 =      loop(pp,j3,y,x1-j3,cs,0,RI); 
+      if(i3<2 || j3>=j1+x){j1+=x;continue;}
+      j3 += i3/2;
+
+      /* y  =y1-(y1-y0+1+4)/8; */
+      if(x>5)
+      {
+	i++; /* snip! */
+	for(i3=0;i3<(y1-y0+1+4)/8;i3++)
+	  put(pp,j2,y1-i3,255,128+64); /* clear highest bit */
+	if(vvv&4){ 
+	  fprintf(stderr,"\n");
+	  //out_x(box2);
+	  fprintf(stderr,"# melted serifs corrected on %d %d j1=%d j3=%d",j2-x0,y-y0,j1-x0,j3-x0);
+	}
+	for(xb=0,xa=0;xa<(x1-x0+4)/8;xa++){ /* detect vertical gap */
+          if( loop(pp,j2-xa,y0,y1-y0,cs,0,DO) > (y1-y0+1)/2
+           && loop(pp,j2,(y0+y1)/2,xa+1,cs,0,LE) >=xa ){ xb=-xa; break; }
+          if( loop(pp,j2+xa,y0,y1-y0,cs,0,DO) > (y1-y0+1)/2 
+           && loop(pp,j2,(y0+y1)/2,xa+1,cs,0,RI) >=xa ){ xb= xa; break; }
+        }
+	if( get_bw(j2   ,j2   ,(y0+y1)/2,y1,pp,cs,1) == 0
+	 && get_bw(j2+xb,j2+xb,y0,(y0+y1)/2,pp,cs,1) == 0 )
+	{ /* divide */
+	  box3=malloc_box(box2);
+	  box3->x1=j2-1;
+	  box2->x0=j2; x1=box2->x1;
+	  cut_box(box2); /* cut vectors outside the box */
+	  cut_box(box3);
+	  box3->num=JOB->res.numC;
+	  list_ins(&(JOB->res.boxlist),box2,box3); JOB->res.numC++; ii++;
+	  /* box3,box2 in correct order??? */
+	  if(vvv&4) fprintf(stderr," => splitted");
+	  j1=x0=box2->x0; x=0; /* hopefully ok, NMK */
+	}
+      }
+      j1+=x;
+    }
+    progress(ni++,pc);
+  } end_for_each(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+  close_progress(pc);
+  if(vvv)fprintf(stderr," %3d cluster corrected, %d new boxes\n",i,ii);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*  remove black borders often seen on bad scanned copies of books
+    - dust around the border
+ */
+int remove_rest_of_dust() {
+  int i1, i2, vvv = JOB->cfg.verbose, x0, x1, y0, y1, cnt=0;
+  struct box *box2, *box4;
+  progress_counter_t *pc = NULL;
+  
+  i1 = i2 = 0; /* counter for removed boxes */
+  if (vvv)
+    fprintf(stderr, "# detect dust (avX,nC), ... ");
+  /* remove fragments from border */
+  for_each_data(&(JOB->res.boxlist)) {
+    box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+    if (box2->c == UNKNOWN) {
+      x0 = box2->x0; x1 = box2->x1;
+      y0 = box2->y0; y1 = box2->y1;	/* box */
+      /* box in char ??? */
+      if (  2 * JOB->res.numC * (y1 - y0 + 1) < 3 * JOB->res.sumY
+        && ( y1 < box2->p->y/4 || y0 > 3*box2->p->y/4 )  /* not single line */
+        && JOB->res.numC > 1		/* do not remove everything */
+        && ( box2->m4 == 0 ) )	/* remove this */
+      {
+	 JOB->res.numC--; /* ToDo: dont count tiny pixels */
+	 /* ToDo: res.sumX,Y must also be corrected */
+	 i1++;
+	 list_del(&(JOB->res.boxlist), box2);
+	 free_box(box2);
+      }
+    }
+  } end_for_each(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+
+  pc = open_progress(JOB->res.boxlist.n,"remove_dust2");
+  for_each_data(&(JOB->res.boxlist)) {
+    box2 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+    progress(cnt++,pc);
+    if (box2->c == PICTURE) continue;
+    x0 = box2->x0; x1 = box2->x1;
+    y0 = box2->y0; y1 = box2->y1;	/* box */
+    /* remove tiny box2 if to far away from bigger boxes */
+    /* ToDo: remove clouds of tiny pixels (count near small, compare with num bigger) */
+    /* 0.42: remove far away pixel? ToDo: do it at earlier? */
+    if (x1-x0+1<3 && y1-y0+1<3){
+      int xn, yn, xs, ys;
+      int found=0;  /* nearest bigger box */
+      /* search near bigger box */
+      for_each_data(&(JOB->res.boxlist)) {
+        box4 = (struct box *)list_get_current(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+        if (found || box4 == box2) continue; 
+        if (box4->x1-box4->x0+1<3 && box4->y1-box4->y0+1<3) continue;
+        xs =  box4->x1-box4->x0+1;
+        ys =  box4->y1-box4->y0+1;
+        xn = abs((box4->x0+box4->x1)/2 - box2->x0);
+        yn = abs((box4->y0+box4->y1)/2 - box2->y0);
+        if (2*xn < 3*xs && 2*yn < 3*ys) { found=1; }
+      } end_for_each(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+      if (!found) { /* found nothing, box2 to far from big boxes */
+        i2++;
+        list_del(&(JOB->res.boxlist), box2);
+        free_box(box2);
+      }
+    }
+  } end_for_each(&(JOB->res.boxlist));
+  close_progress(pc);
+  if (vvv)
+    fprintf(stderr, " %3d + %3d boxes deleted, nC= %d ?\n",
+            i1, i2, JOB->res.numC);
+
+  return 0;
+}