started integrating expression ast
[swftools.git] / lib / as3 / parser.y
index 19ef427..a1ce232 100644 (file)
@@ -1,3 +1,25 @@
+/* parser.lex
+
+   Routines for compiling Flash2 AVM2 ABC Actionscript
+
+   Extension module for the rfxswf library.
+   Part of the swftools package.
+
+   Copyright (c) 2008 Matthias Kramm <kramm@quiss.org>
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA */
 %{
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -5,8 +27,16 @@
 #include "abc.h"
 #include "pool.h"
 #include "files.h"
+#include "common.h"
 #include "tokenizer.h"
 #include "registry.h"
+#include "code.h"
+#include "opcodes.h"
+#include "compiler.h"
+#include "ast.h"
+
+extern int a3_lex();
+
 %}
 
 //%glr-parser
 %error-verbose
 
 %union tokenunion {
-    tokenptr_t token;
-    multiname_t*multiname;
-    multiname_list_t*multiname_list;
-}
-
-
-%token<token> T_IDENTIFIER
-%token<token> T_STRING
-%token<token> T_REGEXP
-%token<token> T_IMPLEMENTS
-%token<token> T_NAMESPACE
-%token<token> T_PACKAGE
-%token<token> T_PROTECTED
-%token<token> T_PUBLIC
-%token<token> T_PRIVATE
-%token<token> T_UINT
-%token<token> T_USE
-%token<token> T_INTERNAL
-%token<token> T_INT
-%token<token> T_NEW
-%token<token> T_NATIVE
-%token<token> T_FUNCTION
-%token<token> T_FOR
-%token<token> T_CLASS
-%token<token> T_CONST
-%token<token> T_SET
-%token<token> T_STATIC
-%token<token> T_IMPORT
-%token<token> T_INTERFACE
-%token<token> T_NUMBER
-%token<token> T_NULL
-%token<token> T_FALSE
-%token<token> T_TRUE
-%token<token> T_BOOLEAN
-%token<token> T_VAR
-%token<token> T_DYNAMIC
-%token<token> T_OVERRIDE
-%token<token> T_FINAL
-%token<token> T_GET
-%token<token> T_EXTENDS
+    enum yytokentype token;
+
+    classinfo_t*classinfo;
+    classinfo_list_t*classinfo_list;
+    slotinfo_t*slotinfo;
+    slotinfo_list_t*slotinfo_list;
+
+    int number_int;
+    unsigned int number_uint;
+    double number_float;
+    code_t*code;
+    typedcode_t value;
+    //typedcode_list_t*value_list;
+    codeandnumber_t value_list;
+    param_t* param;
+    params_t params;
+    string_t str;
+    char*id;
+    constant_t*constant;
+    for_start_t for_start;
+    abc_exception_t *exception;
+    regexp_t regexp;
+    modifiers_t flags;
+    namespace_decl_t* namespace_decl;
+    struct {
+        abc_exception_list_t *l;
+        code_t*finally;
+    } catch_list;
+}
+
+
+%token<id> T_IDENTIFIER T_NAMESPACE
+%token<str> T_STRING
+%token<regexp> T_REGEXP
 %token<token> T_EMPTY
+%token<number_int> T_INT
+%token<number_uint> T_UINT
+%token<number_float> T_FLOAT
+
+%token<id> T_FOR "for"
+%token<id> T_WHILE "while"
+%token<id> T_DO "do"
+%token<id> T_SWITCH "switch"
+
+%token<token> KW_IMPLEMENTS "implements"
+%token<token> KW_NAMESPACE "namespace"
+%token<token> KW_PACKAGE "package"
+%token<token> KW_PROTECTED "protected"
+%token<token> KW_PUBLIC "public"
+%token<token> KW_PRIVATE "private"
+%token<token> KW_USE "use"
+%token<token> KW_INTERNAL "internal"
+%token<token> KW_NEW "new"
+%token<token> KW_NATIVE "native"
+%token<token> KW_FUNCTION "function"
+%token<token> KW_FINALLY "finally"
+%token<token> KW_UNDEFINED "undefined"
+%token<token> KW_NAN "NaN"
+%token<token> KW_CONTINUE "continue"
+%token<token> KW_CLASS "class"
+%token<token> KW_CONST "const"
+%token<token> KW_CATCH "catch"
+%token<token> KW_CASE "case"
+%token<token> KW_SET "set"
+%token<token> KW_VOID "void"
+%token<token> KW_THROW "throw"
+%token<token> KW_STATIC "static"
+%token<token> KW_WITH "with"
+%token<token> KW_INSTANCEOF "instanceof"
+%token<token> KW_IMPORT "import"
+%token<token> KW_RETURN "return"
+%token<token> KW_TYPEOF "typeof"
+%token<token> KW_INTERFACE "interface"
+%token<token> KW_NULL "null"
+%token<token> KW_VAR "var"
+%token<token> KW_DYNAMIC "dynamic"
+%token<token> KW_OVERRIDE "override"
+%token<token> KW_FINAL "final"
+%token<token> KW_EACH "each"
+%token<token> KW_GET "get"
+%token<token> KW_TRY "try"
+%token<token> KW_SUPER "super"
+%token<token> KW_EXTENDS "extends"
+%token<token> KW_FALSE "false"
+%token<token> KW_TRUE "true"
+%token<token> KW_BOOLEAN "Boolean"
+%token<token> KW_UINT "uint"
+%token<token> KW_INT "int"
+%token<token> KW_NUMBER "Number"
+%token<token> KW_STRING "String"
+%token<token> KW_DEFAULT "default"
+%token<token> KW_DELETE "delete"
+%token<token> KW_IF "if"
+%token<token> KW_ELSE  "else"
+%token<token> KW_BREAK   "break"
+%token<token> KW_IS "is"
+%token<token> KW_IN "in"
+%token<token> KW_AS "as"
+
+%token<token> T_DICTSTART "{ (dictionary)"
 %token<token> T_EQEQ "=="
+%token<token> T_EQEQEQ "==="
+%token<token> T_NE "!="
+%token<token> T_NEE "!=="
 %token<token> T_LE "<="
 %token<token> T_GE ">="
+%token<token> T_ORBY "|=" 
 %token<token> T_DIVBY "/=" 
 %token<token> T_MODBY "%="
+%token<token> T_MULBY "*="
 %token<token> T_PLUSBY "+=" 
 %token<token> T_MINUSBY "-="
+%token<token> T_XORBY "^="
 %token<token> T_SHRBY ">>="
 %token<token> T_SHLBY "<<="
 %token<token> T_USHRBY ">>>="
 %token<token> T_MINUSMINUS "--"
 %token<token> T_PLUSPLUS "++"
 %token<token> T_DOTDOT ".."
+%token<token> T_DOTDOTDOT "..."
 %token<token> T_SHL "<<"
 %token<token> T_USHR ">>>"
 %token<token> T_SHR ">>"
-%token<token> T_IS "is"
-%token<token> T_AS "as"
-%token<token> T_SEMICOLON ';'
-%token<token> T_STAR '*'
-%token<token> T_DOT '.'
-
-// precendence: from low to high
-// http://livedocs.adobe.com/flash/9.0/main/wwhelp/wwhimpl/common/html/wwhelp.htm?context=LiveDocs_Parts&file=00000012.html
 
+%type <number_int> CONDITIONAL_COMPILATION
+%type <for_start> FOR_START
+%type <id> X_IDENTIFIER PACKAGE FOR_IN_INIT MAYBE_IDENTIFIER
+%type <namespace_decl>  NAMESPACE_ID
+%type <token> VARCONST
+%type <code> CODE
+%type <code> CODEPIECE CODE_STATEMENT
+%type <code> CODEBLOCK MAYBECODE MAYBE_CASE_LIST CASE_LIST DEFAULT CASE SWITCH WITH
+%type <code> PACKAGE_DECLARATION SLOT_DECLARATION SLOT_LIST ONE_SLOT
+%type <code> FUNCTION_DECLARATION PACKAGE_INITCODE
+%type <code> VARIABLE_DECLARATION ONE_VARIABLE VARIABLE_LIST THROW
+%type <exception> CATCH FINALLY
+%type <catch_list> CATCH_LIST CATCH_FINALLY_LIST
+%type <code> CLASS_DECLARATION
+%type <code> NAMESPACE_DECLARATION
+%type <code> INTERFACE_DECLARATION
+%type <code> VOIDEXPRESSION
+%type <value> EXPRESSION NONCOMMAEXPRESSION
+%type <value> MAYBEEXPRESSION
+%type <value> E DELETE
+%type <code> FOR FOR_IN IF WHILE DO_WHILE MAYBEELSE BREAK RETURN CONTINUE TRY 
+%type <value> INNERFUNCTION
+%type <code> USE_NAMESPACE
+%type <code> FOR_INIT
+%type <code> IMPORT
+%type <classinfo> MAYBETYPE
+%type <token> GETSET
+%type <param> PARAM
+%type <params> PARAM_LIST
+%type <params> MAYBE_PARAM_LIST
+%type <flags> MAYBE_MODIFIERS
+%type <flags> MODIFIER_LIST
+%type <flags> MODIFIER
+%type <constant> CONSTANT MAYBECONSTANT
+%type <classinfo_list> IMPLEMENTS_LIST
+%type <classinfo> EXTENDS CLASS_SPEC
+%type <classinfo_list> EXTENDS_LIST
+
+%type <classinfo> CLASS PACKAGEANDCLASS
+%type <classinfo_list> CLASS_SPEC_LIST
+
+%type <classinfo> TYPE
+//%type <token> VARIABLE
+%type <value> VAR_READ
+%type <value> NEW
+//%type <token> T_IDENTIFIER
+%type <value> FUNCTIONCALL
+%type <value_list> MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST EXPRESSION_LIST EXPRESSION_LIST_AND_COMMA MAYBE_PARAM_VALUES MAYBE_EXPRPAIR_LIST EXPRPAIR_LIST WITH_HEAD
+
+// precedence: from low to high
+
+%left prec_none
+
+%left below_semicolon
+%left ';'
+%left ','
+%nonassoc below_assignment // for ?:, contrary to spec
+%right '=' "*=" "/=" "%=" "+=" "-=" "<<=" ">>=" ">>>=" "&=" "^=" "|="
 %right '?' ':'
-%nonassoc '='
-%nonassoc "/=" "%="
-%nonassoc "+=" "-="
-%nonassoc ">>="
-%nonassoc "<<="
-%nonassoc ">>>="
-%nonassoc "||"
-%nonassoc "&&"
-%nonassoc '|'
-%nonassoc '^'
+%left "||"
+%left "&&"
+%left '|'
+%left '^'
 %nonassoc '&'
-%nonassoc "!=" "==" "<=" '<' ">=" '>' // TODO: support "a < b < c" syntax?
-%nonassoc "is"
-%left '-'
-%left '+'
-%left "<<"
-%left ">>>"
-%left ">>"
-%left '%'
-%left '/'
-%left '*'
-%left '!'
-%left '~'
-%left "--" "++"
-%left '['
-%nonassoc "as"
-%left '.' ".." "::"
+%nonassoc "==" "!=" "===" "!=="
+%nonassoc "is" "as" "in"
+%nonassoc "<=" '<' ">=" '>' "instanceof" // TODO: support "a < b < c" syntax?
+%left "<<" ">>" ">>>" 
+%left below_minus
+%left '-' '+'
+%left '/' '*' '%'
+%left plusplus_prefix minusminus_prefix '~' '!' "void" "delete" "typeof" //FIXME: *unary* + - should be here, too
+%left "--" "++" 
+%nonassoc below_curly
+
 %left '('
+%left new2
+%left '[' ']' "new" '{' "{ (dictionary)" '.' ".." "::" '@'
+
+%left T_IDENTIFIER
+%left above_identifier
+%left below_else
+%nonassoc "else"
+
+// needed for "return" precedence:
+%nonassoc T_STRING T_REGEXP
+%nonassoc T_INT T_UINT T_FLOAT KW_NAN
+%nonassoc "false" "true" "null" "undefined" "super" "function"
+%left above_function
 
-%type <token> CODE
-%type <token> CODEPIECE
-%type <token> PACKAGE_DECLARATION
-%type <token> FUNCTION_DECLARATION
-%type <token> VARIABLE_DECLARATION
-%type <token> CLASS_DECLARATION
-%type <token> NAMESPACE_DECLARATION
-%type <token> INTERFACE_DECLARATION
-%type <token> EXPRESSION
-%type <token> E
-%type <token> CONSTANT
-%type <token> FOR
-%type <token> USE
-%type <token> ASSIGNMENT
-%type <token> IMPORT
-%type <multiname> MAYBETYPE
-%type <token> PACKAGESPEC
-%type <token> GETSET
-%type <token> PARAM
-%type <token> PARAMS
-%type <token> PARAM_LIST
-%type <token> MODIFIERS
-%type <token> MODIFIER_LIST
-%type <multiname_list> IMPLEMENTS_LIST
-%type <multiname> EXTENDS
-%type <multiname_list> EXTENDS_LIST
-%type <multiname> PACKAGEANDCLASS
-%type <multiname_list> PACKAGEANDCLASS_LIST
-%type <token> MULTILEVELIDENTIFIER
-%type <multiname> TYPE
-%type <token> VAR
-%type <token> VARIABLE
-%type <token> NEW
-%type <token> FUNCTIONCALL
-%type <token> X_IDENTIFIER
-%type <token> MODIFIER
-%type <token> PACKAGE
 
      
 %{
 
-static int yyerror(char*s)
+static int a3_error(char*s)
 {
    syntaxerror("%s", s); 
+   return 0; //make gcc happy
 }
-static token_t* concat2(token_t* t1, token_t* t2)
+
+static void parsererror(const char*file, int line, const char*f)
+{
+    syntaxerror("internal error in %s, %s:%d", f, file, line);
+}
+
+#define parserassert(b) {if(!(b)) parsererror(__FILE__, __LINE__,__func__);}
+
+
+static char* concat2(const char* t1, const char* t2)
 {
-    NEW(token_t,t);
-    int l1 = strlen(t1->text);
-    int l2 = strlen(t2->text);
-    t->text = malloc(l1+l2+1);
-    memcpy(t->text   , t1->text, l1);
-    memcpy(t->text+l1, t2->text, l2);
-    t->text[l1+l2] = 0;
-    return t;
+    int l1 = strlen(t1);
+    int l2 = strlen(t2);
+    char*text = malloc(l1+l2+1);
+    memcpy(text   , t1, l1);
+    memcpy(text+l1, t2, l2);
+    text[l1+l2] = 0;
+    return text;
 }
-static token_t* concat3(token_t* t1, token_t* t2, token_t* t3)
+static char* concat3(const char* t1, const char* t2, const char* t3)
 {
-    NEW(token_t,t);
-    int l1 = strlen(t1->text);
-    int l2 = strlen(t2->text);
-    int l3 = strlen(t3->text);
-    t->text = malloc(l1+l2+l3+1);
-    memcpy(t->text   , t1->text, l1);
-    memcpy(t->text+l1, t2->text, l2);
-    memcpy(t->text+l1+l2, t3->text, l3);
-    t->text[l1+l2+l3] = 0;
-    return t;
+    int l1 = strlen(t1);
+    int l2 = strlen(t2);
+    int l3 = strlen(t3);
+    char*text = malloc(l1+l2+l3+1);
+    memcpy(text   , t1, l1);
+    memcpy(text+l1, t2, l2);
+    memcpy(text+l1+l2, t3, l3);
+    text[l1+l2+l3] = 0;
+    return text;
 }
 
 typedef struct _import {
-    char*path;
+    char*package;
 } import_t;
-
 DECLARE_LIST(import);
 
-typedef struct _state {
-    abc_file_t*file;
-    abc_script_t*init;
+DECLARE(methodstate);
+DECLARE_LIST(methodstate);
 
-    int level;
+typedef struct _classstate {
+    /* class data */
+    classinfo_t*info;
+    abc_class_t*abc;
+   
+    methodstate_t*init;
+    methodstate_t*static_init;
+    //code_t*init;
+    //code_t*static_init;
+
+    char has_constructor;
+} classstate_t;
+
+struct _methodstate {
+    /* method data */
+    methodinfo_t*info;
+    char has_exceptions;
+    char late_binding;
+    char is_constructor;
+    char has_super;
+    char is_global;
+    int variable_count;
+
+    dict_t*unresolved_variables;
+
+    char inner;
+    char uses_parent_function;
+    int uses_slots;
+    dict_t*slots;
+    int activation_var;
+
+    abc_method_t*abc;
+    int var_index; // for inner methods
+    int slot_index; // for inner methods
+    char is_a_slot; // for inner methods
+
+    code_t*header;
+
+    code_t*scope_code;
+    abc_exception_list_t*exceptions;
+    
+    methodstate_list_t*innerfunctions;
+};
 
+typedef struct _state {
+    struct _state*old;
+    int level;
+    
     char*package;     
-    char*function;
-    import_list_t*imports;
-   
-    /* class data */
-    char*classname;
-    abc_class_t*cls;
+    import_list_t*wildcard_imports;
+    dict_t*import_toplevel_packages;
+    dict_t*imports;
 
+    namespace_list_t*active_namespace_urls;
+    
+    char has_own_imports;
+    char new_vars; // e.g. transition between two functions
+  
+    classstate_t*cls;   
+    methodstate_t*method;
+
+    char*exception_name;
+
+    int switch_var;
+    
+    dict_t*vars;
 } state_t;
 
+typedef struct _global {
+    abc_file_t*file;
+    abc_script_t*init;
+    dict_t*token2info;
+    dict_t*file2token2info;
+} global_t;
+
+static global_t*global = 0;
 static state_t* state = 0;
 
 DECLARE_LIST(state);
 
-static state_list_t*state_stack=0;
-
-void initialize_state()
-{
-    NEW(state_t, s);
-    NEW(state_list_t, sl);
-    state_stack = sl;
-    state = sl->state = s;
+#define MULTINAME(m,x) \
+    multiname_t m;\
+    namespace_t m##_ns;\
+    (x)->package; \
+    registry_fill_multiname(&m, &m##_ns, (slotinfo_t*)(x));
+                    
+#define MEMBER_MULTINAME(m,f,n) \
+    multiname_t m;\
+    namespace_t m##_ns;\
+    if(f) { \
+        if((m##_ns.access = ((slotinfo_t*)(f))->access)==ACCESS_NAMESPACE) \
+            m##_ns.name = ((slotinfo_t*)(f))->package; \
+        else \
+            m##_ns.name = ""; \
+        m.type = QNAME; \
+        m.ns = &m##_ns; \
+        m.namespace_set = 0; \
+        m.name = ((slotinfo_t*)(f))->name; \
+    } else { \
+        m.type = MULTINAME; \
+        m.ns =0; \
+        m.namespace_set = &nopackage_namespace_set; \
+        m.name = n; \
+    }
 
-    state->file = abc_file_new();
-    state->level = 0;
-    
-    state->init = abc_initscript(state->file, 0, 0);
-    abc_method_body_t*m = state->init->method->body;
-    __ getlocal_0(m);
-    __ pushscope(m);
-}
-void* finalize_state()
+/* warning: list length of namespace set is undefined */
+#define MULTINAME_LATE(m, access, package) \
+    namespace_t m##_ns = {access, package}; \
+    namespace_set_t m##_nsset; \
+    namespace_list_t m##_l;m##_l.next = 0; \
+    m##_nsset.namespaces = &m##_l; \
+    m##_nsset = m##_nsset; \
+    m##_l.namespace = &m##_ns; \
+    multiname_t m = {MULTINAMEL, 0, &m##_nsset, 0};
+
+static namespace_t ns1 = {ACCESS_PRIVATE, ""};
+static namespace_t ns2 = {ACCESS_PROTECTED, ""};
+static namespace_t ns3 = {ACCESS_PACKAGEINTERNAL, ""};
+static namespace_t ns4 = {ACCESS_PACKAGE, ""};
+static namespace_list_t nl4 = {&ns4,0};
+static namespace_list_t nl3 = {&ns3,&nl4};
+static namespace_list_t nl2 = {&ns2,&nl3};
+static namespace_list_t nl1 = {&ns1,&nl2};
+static namespace_set_t nopackage_namespace_set = {&nl1};
+
+static dict_t*definitions=0;
+void as3_set_definition(const char*c)
 {
-    if(state->level) {
-        syntaxerror("unexpected end of file");
-    }
-    abc_method_body_t*m = state->init->method->body;
-    //__ popscope(m);
-    __ returnvoid(m);
-    return state->file;
+    if(!definitions) 
+        definitions = dict_new();
+    if(!dict_contains(definitions,c))
+        dict_put(definitions,c,0);
 }
 
 static void new_state()
 {
     NEW(state_t, s);
-    NEW(state_list_t, sl);
-    memcpy(s, state, sizeof(state_t)); //shallow copy
-    sl->next = state_stack;
-    sl->state = s;
-    state_stack = sl;
+    state_t*oldstate = state;
+    if(state)
+        memcpy(s, state, sizeof(state_t)); //shallow copy
+    if(!s->imports) {
+        s->imports = dict_new();
+    }
+    if(!s->import_toplevel_packages) {
+        s->import_toplevel_packages = dict_new(); 
+    }
     state = s;
     state->level++;
+    state->has_own_imports = 0;    
+    state->vars = dict_new(); 
+    state->old = oldstate;
+    state->new_vars = 0;
+
+    trie_remember(active_namespaces);
+   
+    if(oldstate)
+        state->active_namespace_urls = list_clone(oldstate->active_namespace_urls);
+}
+
+static void state_destroy(state_t*state)
+{
+    if(state->has_own_imports) {
+        list_free(state->wildcard_imports);
+        dict_destroy(state->imports);state->imports=0;
+    }
+    if(state->imports && (!state->old || state->old->imports!=state->imports)) {
+        dict_destroy(state->imports);state->imports=0;
+    }
+    if(state->vars) {
+        int t;
+        for(t=0;t<state->vars->hashsize;t++) {
+            dictentry_t*e =state->vars->slots[t];
+            while(e) {
+                free(e->data);e->data=0;
+                e = e->next;
+            }
+        }
+        dict_destroy(state->vars);state->vars=0;
+    }
+    
+    list_free(state->active_namespace_urls)
+    state->active_namespace_urls = 0;
+    
+    free(state);
 }
+
 static void old_state()
 {
-    if(!state_stack || !state_stack->next)
+    trie_rollback(active_namespaces);
+
+    if(!state || !state->old)
         syntaxerror("invalid nesting");
-    state_t*oldstate = state;
-    state_list_t*old = state_stack;
-    state_stack = state_stack->next;
-    free(old);
-    state = state_stack->state;
+    state_t*leaving = state;
+    
+    state = state->old;
+
+    if(as3_pass>1 && leaving->method && leaving->method != state->method && !leaving->method->inner) {
+        free(leaving->method);
+        leaving->method=0;
+    }
+    if(as3_pass>1 && leaving->cls && leaving->cls != state->cls) {
+        free(leaving->cls);
+        leaving->cls=0;
+    }
+
+    state_destroy(leaving);
 }
 
-static void startpackage(token_t*t) 
+static code_t* method_header(methodstate_t*m);
+static code_t* wrap_function(code_t*c,code_t*header, code_t*body);
+static void function_initvars(methodstate_t*m, params_t*params, int flags, char var0);
+
+
+static char* internal_filename_package = 0;
+void initialize_file(char*filename)
 {
-    if(state->package) {
-        syntaxerror("Packages can not be nested."); 
-    } 
+    if(state) {
+        syntaxerror("invalid call to initialize_file during parsing of another file");
+    }
+    
+    active_namespaces = trie_new();
+
     new_state();
-    char*name = t?t->text:"";
-    printf("entering package \"%s\"\n", name);
-    state->package = name;
+    state->package = internal_filename_package = strdup(filename);
+    
+    global->token2info = dict_lookup(global->file2token2info, 
+                                     current_filename // use long version
+                                    );
+    if(!global->token2info) {
+        global->token2info = dict_new2(&ptr_type);
+        dict_put(global->file2token2info, current_filename, global->token2info);
+    }
+  
+    if(as3_pass==1) {
+        state->method = rfx_calloc(sizeof(methodstate_t));
+        dict_put(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount, state->method);
+        state->method->late_binding = 1; // init scripts use getglobalscope, so we need a getlocal0/pushscope
+    } else {
+        state->method = dict_lookup(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount);
+        function_initvars(state->method, 0, 0, 1);
+        global->init = abc_initscript(global->file);
+    }
 }
-static void endpackage()
+
+void finish_file()
 {
-    printf("leaving package \"%s\"\n", state->package);
-    old_state();
+    if(!state || state->level!=1) {
+        syntaxerror("unexpected end of file in pass %d", as3_pass);
+    }
+
+    if(as3_pass==2) {
+        code_t*header = method_header(state->method);
+        code_t*c = wrap_function(header, 0, global->init->method->body->code);
+        global->init->method->body->code = c;
+        free(state->method);state->method=0;
+    }
+
+    //free(state->package);state->package=0; // used in registry
+    state_destroy(state);state=0;
 }
 
-static void startclass(token_t*modifiers, token_t*name, multiname_t*extends, multiname_list_t*implements)
+void initialize_parser()
 {
-    if(state->cls) {
-        syntaxerror("inner classes now allowed"); 
-    }
-    new_state();
-    state->classname = name->text;
-    printf("entering class %s\n", name->text);
-    token_list_t*t=0;
-    printf("  modifiers: ");for(t=modifiers->tokens;t;t=t->next) printf("%s ", t->token->text);printf("\n");
-    printf("  extends: %s\n", multiname_tostring(extends));
-
-    multiname_list_t*mlist=0;
-    printf("  implements (%d): ", list_length(implements));
-    for(mlist=implements;mlist;mlist=mlist->next)  {
-        printf("%s ", multiname_tostring(mlist->multiname));
-    }
-    printf("\n");
-
-    char public=0,internal=0,final=0,sealed=1;
-    for(t=modifiers->tokens;t;t=t->next) {
-        if(t->token->type == T_INTERNAL) {
-            /* the programmer is being explicit- 
-               being internal is the default anyway */
-            internal = 1;
-        } else if(t->token->type == T_PUBLIC) {
-            public = 1;
-        } else if(t->token->type == T_FINAL) {
-            final = 1;
-        } else {
-            syntaxerror("modifier \"%s\" not supported in class declaration", t->token->text);
-        }
+    global = rfx_calloc(sizeof(global_t));
+    global->file = abc_file_new();
+    global->file->flags &= ~ABCFILE_LAZY;
+    global->file2token2info = dict_new();
+    global->token2info = 0;
+}
+
+void* finish_parser()
+{
+    dict_free_all(global->file2token2info, 1, (void*)dict_destroy);
+    global->token2info=0;
+    return global->file;
+}
+
+typedef struct _variable {
+    int index;
+    classinfo_t*type;
+    char init;
+    char is_parameter;
+    methodstate_t*is_inner_method;
+} variable_t;
+
+static variable_t* find_variable(state_t*s, char*name)
+{
+    while(s) {
+        variable_t*v = 0;
+        v = dict_lookup(s->vars, name);
+        if(v) return v;
+        if(s->new_vars) break;
+        s = s->old;
     }
-    if(public&&internal)
-        syntaxerror("public and internal not supported at the same time.");
+    return 0;
+}
+static variable_t* find_slot(state_t*s, const char*name)
+{
+    if(s->method && s->method->slots)
+        return dict_lookup(s->method->slots, name);
+    return 0;
+}
 
-    /* create the class name, together with the proper attributes */
-    multiname_t* classname = 0;
-    if(!public && !state->package)
-        classname = multiname_new(namespace_new_private(current_filename), state->classname);
-    else if(!public && state->package)
-        classname = multiname_new(namespace_new_packageinternal(state->package), state->classname);
-    else if(state->package)
-        classname = multiname_new(namespace_new_package(state->package), state->classname);
-    else
-        syntaxerror("public classes only allowed inside a package");
+static variable_t* find_variable_safe(state_t*s, char*name)
+{
+    variable_t* v = find_variable(s, name);
+    if(!v)
+        syntaxerror("undefined variable: %s", name);
+    return v;
+}
 
-    state->cls = abc_class_new(state->file, classname, extends);
-    if(final) abc_class_final(state->cls);
-    if(sealed) abc_class_sealed(state->cls);
+static char variable_exists(char*name) 
+{
+    return dict_contains(state->vars, name);
+}
 
-    for(mlist=implements;mlist;mlist=mlist->next) {
-        abc_class_add_interface(state->cls, mlist->multiname);
+static code_t*defaultvalue(code_t*c, classinfo_t*type)
+{
+    if(TYPE_IS_INT(type)) {
+       c = abc_pushbyte(c, 0);
+    } else if(TYPE_IS_UINT(type)) {
+       c = abc_pushuint(c, 0);
+    } else if(TYPE_IS_FLOAT(type)) {
+       c = abc_pushnan(c);
+    } else if(TYPE_IS_BOOLEAN(type)) {
+       c = abc_pushfalse(c);
+    } else if(!type) {
+       //c = abc_pushundefined(c);
+        syntaxerror("internal error: can't generate default value for * type");
+    } else {
+       c = abc_pushnull(c);
+       MULTINAME(m, type);
+       c = abc_coerce2(c, &m);
     }
+    return c;
+}
 
-    /* now write the construction code for this class */
-    int slotindex = abc_initscript_addClassTrait(state->init, classname, state->cls);
+static int alloc_local()
+{
+    return state->method->variable_count++;
+}
 
-    abc_method_body_t*m = state->init->method->body;
-    __ getglobalscope(m);
-    multiname_t*s = extends;
-    int count=0;
-    while(s) {
-        //TODO: invert
-        //TODO: take a look at the current scope stack, maybe 
-        //      we can re-use something
-        __ getlex2(m, s);
-        __ pushscope(m);
-        s = registry_getsuperclass(s);
-        count++;
+static variable_t* new_variable2(const char*name, classinfo_t*type, char init, char maybeslot)
+{
+    if(maybeslot) {
+        variable_t*v = find_slot(state, name);
+        if(v)
+            return v;
+    }
+
+    NEW(variable_t, v);
+    v->index = alloc_local();
+    v->type = type;
+    v->init = init;
+    if(name) 
+        dict_put(state->vars, name, v);
+
+    return v;
+}
+static int new_variable(const char*name, classinfo_t*type, char init, char maybeslot)
+{
+    return new_variable2(name, type, init, maybeslot)->index;
+}
+
+#define TEMPVARNAME "__as3_temp__"
+static int gettempvar()
+{
+    variable_t*v = find_variable(state, TEMPVARNAME);
+    if(v) 
+        return v->index;
+    return new_variable(TEMPVARNAME, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static code_t* var_block(code_t*body) 
+{
+    code_t*c = 0;
+    code_t*k = 0;
+    int t;
+    int num=0;
+    for(t=0;t<state->vars->hashsize;t++) {
+        dictentry_t*e = state->vars->slots[t];
+        while(e) {
+            variable_t*v = (variable_t*)e->data;
+            if(v->type && v->init) {
+                c = defaultvalue(c, v->type);
+                c = abc_setlocal(c, v->index);
+                k = abc_kill(k, v->index); 
+                num++;
+            }
+            e = e->next;
+        }
     }
-    /* TODO: if this is one of *our* classes, we can also 
-             do a getglobalscope/getslot <nr> (which references
-             the init function's slots) */
-    __ getlex2(m, extends);
-    __ newclass(m,state->cls);
 
-    while(count--) {
-        __ popscope(m);
+    if(k) {
+        code_t*x = body;
+        while(x) {
+            if(x->opcode== OPCODE___BREAK__ ||
+               x->opcode== OPCODE___CONTINUE__) {
+               /* link kill code before break/continue */
+                code_t*e = code_dup(k);
+                code_t*s = code_start(e);
+                s->prev = x->prev;
+                if(x->prev) {
+                    x->prev->next = s;
+                }
+                e->next = x;
+                x->prev = e;
+            }
+            x = x->prev;
+        }
     }
-    __ setslot(m, slotindex);
+    
+    c = code_append(c, body);
+    c = code_append(c, k);
+    return c;
 }
 
-static void endclass()
+static void unknown_variable(char*name) 
 {
-    printf("leaving class %s\n", state->classname);
-    old_state();
+    if(!state->method->unresolved_variables)
+        state->method->unresolved_variables = dict_new();
+    if(!dict_contains(state->method->unresolved_variables, name))
+        dict_put(state->method->unresolved_variables, name, 0);
 }
-static void addimport(token_t*t)
+
+static code_t* add_scope_code(code_t*c, methodstate_t*m, char init)
 {
-    NEW(import_t,i);
-    i->path = t->text;
-    list_append(state->imports, i);
+    if(m->uses_slots || (m->late_binding && !m->inner)) { //???? especially inner functions need the pushscope
+        c = abc_getlocal_0(c);
+        c = abc_pushscope(c);
+    }
+    if(m->uses_slots) {
+        /* FIXME: this alloc_local() causes variable indexes to be
+           different in pass2 than in pass1 */
+        if(!m->activation_var)
+            m->activation_var = alloc_local();
+        if(init) {
+            c = abc_newactivation(c);
+            c = abc_dup(c);
+            c = abc_pushscope(c);
+            c = abc_setlocal(c, m->activation_var);
+        } else {
+            c = abc_getlocal(c, m->activation_var);
+            c = abc_pushscope(c);
+        }
+    }
+    return c;
 }
-static void print_imports()
+
+static code_t* method_header(methodstate_t*m)
 {
-    import_list_t*l = state->imports;
+    code_t*c = 0;
+
+    c = add_scope_code(c, m, 1);
+
+    methodstate_list_t*l = m->innerfunctions;
     while(l) {
-        printf("  import %s\n", l->import->path);
+        parserassert(l->methodstate->abc);
+        if(m->uses_slots && l->methodstate->is_a_slot) {
+            c = abc_getscopeobject(c, 1);
+            c = abc_newfunction(c, l->methodstate->abc);
+            c = abc_dup(c);
+            c = abc_setlocal(c, l->methodstate->var_index);
+            c = abc_setslot(c, l->methodstate->slot_index);
+        } else {
+            c = abc_newfunction(c, l->methodstate->abc);
+            c = abc_setlocal(c, l->methodstate->var_index);
+        }
+        free(l->methodstate);l->methodstate=0;
         l = l->next;
     }
+    if(m->header) {
+        c = code_append(c, m->header);
+        m->header = 0;
+    }
+    if(m->is_constructor && !m->has_super) {
+        // call default constructor
+        c = abc_getlocal_0(c);
+        c = abc_constructsuper(c, 0);
+    }
+
+    if(m->slots) {
+        /* all parameters that are used by inner functions
+           need to be copied from local to slot */
+        parserassert(m->activation_var);
+        DICT_ITERATE_ITEMS(m->slots,char*,name,variable_t*,v) {
+            if(v->is_parameter) {
+                c = abc_getlocal(c, m->activation_var); 
+                c = abc_getlocal(c, v->index); 
+                c = abc_setslot(c, v->index); 
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    list_free(m->innerfunctions);
+    m->innerfunctions = 0;
+    return c;
 }
-static void startfunction(token_t*ns, token_t*mod, token_t*getset, token_t*name,
-                          token_t*params, multiname_t*type)
+    
+
+static code_t* wrap_function(code_t*c,code_t*header, code_t*body)
 {
-    token_list_t*t;
-    new_state();
-    state->function = name->text;
-    printf("entering function %s\n", name->text);
-    if(ns)
-        printf("  namespace: %s\n", ns->text);
-    printf("  getset: %s\n", getset->text);
-    printf("  params: ");for(t=params->tokens;t;t=t->next) printf("%s ", t->token->text);printf("\n");
-    printf("  mod: ");for(t=mod->tokens;t;t=t->next) printf("%s ", t->token->text);printf("\n");
-    printf("  type: %s\n", multiname_tostring(type));
-    print_imports();
-
-    abc_method_body_t* m=0;
-    if(!strcmp(state->classname,name->text)) {
-        m = abc_class_constructor(state->cls, type, 0);
-    } else {
-        m = abc_class_method(state->cls, type, name->text, 0);
+    c = code_append(c, header);
+    c = code_append(c, var_block(body));
+    /* append return if necessary */
+    if(!c || (c->opcode != OPCODE_RETURNVOID && 
+              c->opcode != OPCODE_RETURNVALUE)) {
+        c = abc_returnvoid(c);
     }
+    return c;
+}
 
+static void startpackage(char*name)
+{
+    new_state();
+    state->package = strdup(name);
 }
-static void endfunction()
+static void endpackage()
 {
-    printf("leaving function %s\n", state->function);
+    //used e.g. in classinfo_register:
+    //free(state->package);state->package=0;
     old_state();
 }
-static int newvariable(token_t*mod, token_t*varconst, token_t*name, multiname_t*type)
+
+#define FLAG_PUBLIC 256
+#define FLAG_PROTECTED 512
+#define FLAG_PRIVATE 1024
+#define FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL 2048
+#define FLAG_NAMESPACE 4096
+
+static namespace_t modifiers2access(modifiers_t*mod)
 {
-    token_list_t*t;
-    printf("defining new variable %s\n", name->text);
-    printf("  mod: ");for(t=mod->tokens;t;t=t->next) printf("%s ", t->token->text);printf("\n");
-    printf("  access: ");printf("%s\n", varconst->text);
-    printf("  type: ");printf("%s\n", multiname_tostring(type));
+    namespace_t ns;
+    ns.access = 0;
+    ns.name = "";
+    if(mod->flags&FLAG_NAMESPACE)  {
+        if(mod->flags&(FLAG_PRIVATE|FLAG_PROTECTED|FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL)) 
+            syntaxerror("invalid combination of access levels and namespaces");
+        ns.access = ACCESS_NAMESPACE;
+        state_t*s = state;
+        const char*url = (const char*)trie_lookup(active_namespaces, mod->ns);
+        if(!url) {
+            /* shouldn't happen- the tokenizer only reports something as a namespace
+               if it was already registered */
+            trie_dump(active_namespaces);
+            syntaxerror("unknown namespace: %s", mod->ns);
+        }
+        ns.name = url;
+    } else if(mod->flags&FLAG_PUBLIC)  {
+        if(mod->flags&(FLAG_PRIVATE|FLAG_PROTECTED|FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL)) 
+            syntaxerror("invalid combination of access levels");
+        ns.access = ACCESS_PACKAGE;
+    } else if(mod->flags&FLAG_PRIVATE) {
+        if(mod->flags&(FLAG_PUBLIC|FLAG_PROTECTED|FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL)) 
+            syntaxerror("invalid combination of access levels");
+        ns.access = ACCESS_PRIVATE;
+    } else if(mod->flags&FLAG_PROTECTED) {
+        if(mod->flags&(FLAG_PUBLIC|FLAG_PRIVATE|FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL)) 
+            syntaxerror("invalid combination of access levels");
+        ns.access = ACCESS_PROTECTED;
+    } else {
+        ns.access = ACCESS_PACKAGEINTERNAL;
+    }
+    return ns;
 }
-static token_t* empty_token()
+static slotinfo_t* find_class(const char*name);
+
+static memberinfo_t* findmember_nsset(classinfo_t*cls, const char*name, char recurse)
 {
-    NEW(token_t,t);
-    t->type=T_EMPTY;
-    t->text=0;
-    return t;
+    return registry_findmember_nsset(cls, state->active_namespace_urls, name, recurse);
 }
 
-void extend(token_t*list, token_t*add) {
-    list_append(list->tokens,add);
-    if(!list->text)
-        list->text = add->text;
-}
-void extend_s(token_t*list, char*seperator, token_t*add) {
-    list_append(list->tokens,add);
-    char*t1 = list->text;
-    char*t2 = seperator;
-    char*t3 = add->text;
-    int l1 = strlen(t1);
-    int l2 = strlen(t2);
-    int l3 = strlen(t3);
-    list->text = malloc(l1+l2+l3+1);
-    strcpy(list->text, t1);
-    strcpy(list->text+l1, t2);
-    strcpy(list->text+l1+l2, t3);
-    list->text[l1+l2+l3]=0;
+static void function_initvars(methodstate_t*m, params_t*params, int flags, char var0)
+{
+    if(var0) {
+        int index = -1;
+        if(m->inner)
+            index = new_variable("this", 0, 0, 0);
+        else if(!m->is_global)
+            index = new_variable((flags&FLAG_STATIC)?"class":"this", state->cls?state->cls->info:0, 0, 0);
+        else
+            index = new_variable("globalscope", 0, 0, 0);
+        if(index)
+            *(int*)0=0;
+        parserassert(!index);
+    }
+
+    if(m->uses_slots) {
+        /* as variables and slots share the same number, make sure
+           that those variable indices are reserved. It's up to the
+           optimizer to later shuffle the variables down to lower
+           indices */
+        m->variable_count = m->uses_slots;
+    }
+
+    if(params) {
+        param_list_t*p=0;
+        for(p=params->list;p;p=p->next) {
+            variable_t*v = new_variable2(p->param->name, p->param->type, 0, 1);
+            v->is_parameter = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    methodstate_list_t*l = m->innerfunctions;
+    while(l) {
+        methodstate_t*m = l->methodstate;
+        
+        variable_t* v = new_variable2(m->info->name, TYPE_FUNCTION(m->info), 0, 1);
+        m->var_index = v->index;
+        m->slot_index = v->index;
+        v->is_inner_method = m;
+
+        l = l->next;
+    }
+    
+    if(as3_pass==2) {
+        m->scope_code = add_scope_code(m->scope_code, m, 0);
+    }
+    
+    if(as3_pass==2 && m->slots) {
+        /* exchange unresolved identifiers with the actual objects */
+        DICT_ITERATE_ITEMS(m->slots, char*, name, variable_t*, v) {
+            if(v->type && v->type->kind == INFOTYPE_UNRESOLVED) {
+                classinfo_t*type = (classinfo_t*)registry_resolve((slotinfo_t*)v->type);
+                if(!type || type->kind != INFOTYPE_CLASS) {
+                    syntaxerror("Couldn't find class %s::%s (%s)", v->type->package, v->type->name, name);
+                }
+                v->type = type;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-%}
 
-%%
+char*as3_globalclass=0;
+static void startclass(modifiers_t* mod, char*classname, classinfo_t*extends, classinfo_list_t*implements)
+{
+    if(state->cls) {
+        syntaxerror("inner classes now allowed"); 
+    }
+
+    new_state();
+    token_list_t*t=0;
+    classinfo_list_t*mlist=0;
 
-PROGRAM: MAYBECODE
+    if(mod->flags&~(FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL|FLAG_PUBLIC|FLAG_FINAL|FLAG_DYNAMIC|FLAG_INTERFACE))
+        syntaxerror("invalid modifier(s)");
+
+    if((mod->flags&(FLAG_PUBLIC|FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL)) == (FLAG_PUBLIC|FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL))
+        syntaxerror("public and internal not supported at the same time.");
+    
+    //if(!(mod->flags&FLAG_INTERFACE) && !extends) {
+    if(!(mod->flags&FLAG_INTERFACE) && !extends) {
+        // all classes extend object
+        extends = registry_getobjectclass();
+    }
 
-MAYBECODE: CODE
-MAYBECODE: 
+    /* create the class name, together with the proper attributes */
+    int access=0;
+    char*package=0;
+
+    if(!(mod->flags&FLAG_PUBLIC) && state->package==internal_filename_package) {
+        access = ACCESS_PRIVATE; package = internal_filename_package;
+    } else if(!(mod->flags&FLAG_PUBLIC) && state->package!=internal_filename_package) {
+        access = ACCESS_PACKAGEINTERNAL; package = state->package;
+    } else if(state->package!=internal_filename_package) {
+        access = ACCESS_PACKAGE; package = state->package;
+    } else {
+        syntaxerror("public classes only allowed inside a package");
+    }
 
-CODE: CODE CODEPIECE {$$=$1;}
-CODE: CODEPIECE {$$=empty_token();}
+    if(as3_pass==1) {
+        state->cls = rfx_calloc(sizeof(classstate_t));
+        state->cls->init = rfx_calloc(sizeof(methodstate_t));
+        state->cls->static_init = rfx_calloc(sizeof(methodstate_t));
+        /* notice: we make no effort to initialize the top variable (local0) here,
+           even though it has special meaning. We just rely on the facat
+           that pass 1 won't do anything with variables */
+        
+        dict_put(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount, state->cls);
+
+        /* set current method to constructor- all code within the class-level (except
+           static variable initializations) will be executed during construction time */
+        state->method = state->cls->init;
+
+        if(registry_find(package, classname)) {
+            syntaxerror("Package \"%s\" already contains a class called \"%s\"", package, classname);
+        }
+        /* build info struct */
+        int num_interfaces = (list_length(implements));
+        state->cls->info = classinfo_register(access, package, classname, num_interfaces);
+        state->cls->info->flags |= mod->flags & (FLAG_DYNAMIC|FLAG_INTERFACE|FLAG_FINAL);
+        
+        int pos = 0;
+        classinfo_list_t*l = implements;
+        for(l=implements;l;l=l->next) {
+            state->cls->info->interfaces[pos++] = l->classinfo;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if(as3_pass == 2) {
+        state->cls = dict_lookup(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount);
+        
+        state->method = state->cls->init;
+        parserassert(state->cls && state->cls->info);
+       
+        function_initvars(state->cls->init, 0, 0, 1);
+        function_initvars(state->cls->static_init, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        if(extends && (extends->flags & FLAG_FINAL))
+            syntaxerror("Can't extend final class '%s'", extends->name);
+        
+        int pos = 0;
+        while(state->cls->info->interfaces[pos]) {
+            if(!(state->cls->info->interfaces[pos]->flags & FLAG_INTERFACE))
+                syntaxerror("'%s' is not an interface", 
+                    state->cls->info->interfaces[pos]->name);
+            pos++;
+        }
 
-CODEPIECE: ';'
-CODEPIECE: VARIABLE_DECLARATION {$$=$1;}
-CODEPIECE: PACKAGE_DECLARATION
-CODEPIECE: IMPORT
-CODEPIECE: NAMESPACE_DECLARATION
-CODEPIECE: CLASS_DECLARATION
-CODEPIECE: INTERFACE_DECLARATION
-CODEPIECE: FUNCTION_DECLARATION
-CODEPIECE: EXPRESSION
-CODEPIECE: FOR
-CODEPIECE: USE
-CODEPIECE: ASSIGNMENT
+        /* fill out interfaces and extends (we couldn't resolve those during the first pass) */
+        state->cls->info->superclass = extends;
 
-PACKAGE_DECLARATION : T_PACKAGE MULTILEVELIDENTIFIER '{' {startpackage($2)} MAYBECODE '}' {endpackage()}
-PACKAGE_DECLARATION : T_PACKAGE '{' {startpackage(0)} MAYBECODE '}' {endpackage()}
+        /* generate the abc code for this class */
+        MULTINAME(classname2,state->cls->info);
+        multiname_t*extends2 = sig2mname(extends);
 
-IMPORT : T_IMPORT PACKAGESPEC {addimport($2);}
+        state->cls->abc = abc_class_new(global->file, &classname2, extends2);
+        if(state->cls->info->flags&FLAG_FINAL) abc_class_final(state->cls->abc);
+        if(!(state->cls->info->flags&FLAG_DYNAMIC)) abc_class_sealed(state->cls->abc);
+        if(state->cls->info->flags&FLAG_INTERFACE) {
+            abc_class_interface(state->cls->abc);
+        }
 
-TYPE : PACKAGEANDCLASS {$$=$1;}
-     | '*'        {$$=registry_getanytype();}
-     |  T_STRING  {$$=registry_getstringclass();}
-     |  T_INT     {$$=registry_getintclass();}
-     |  T_UINT    {$$=registry_getuintclass();}
-     |  T_BOOLEAN {$$=registry_getbooleanclass();}
-     |  T_NUMBER  {$$=registry_getnumberclass();}
+        abc_class_protectedNS(state->cls->abc, classname);
 
-MAYBETYPE: ':' TYPE {$$=$2;}
-MAYBETYPE:          {$$=0;}
+        for(mlist=implements;mlist;mlist=mlist->next) {
+            MULTINAME(m, mlist->classinfo);
+            abc_class_add_interface(state->cls->abc, &m);
+        }
 
-//FUNCTION_HEADER:      NAMESPACE MODIFIERS T_FUNCTION GETSET T_IDENTIFIER '(' PARAMS ')' 
-FUNCTION_HEADER:      MODIFIERS T_FUNCTION GETSET T_IDENTIFIER '(' PARAMS ')' 
-                      MAYBETYPE
-FUNCTION_DECLARATION: MODIFIERS T_FUNCTION GETSET T_IDENTIFIER '(' PARAMS ')' 
-                      MAYBETYPE '{' {startfunction(0,$1,$3,$4,$6,$8)} MAYBECODE '}' {endfunction()}
+        /* write the construction code for this class to the global init
+           function */
+        int slotindex = abc_initscript_addClassTrait(global->init, &classname2, state->cls->abc);
+
+        abc_method_body_t*m = global->init->method->body;
+        __ getglobalscope(m);
+        classinfo_t*s = extends;
+
+        int count=0;
+        
+        while(s) {
+            //TODO: take a look at the current scope stack, maybe 
+            //      we can re-use something
+            s = s->superclass;
+            if(!s) 
+            break;
+           
+            multiname_t*s2 = sig2mname(s);
+            __ getlex2(m, s2);
+            multiname_destroy(s2);
+
+            __ pushscope(m); count++;
+            m->code = m->code->prev->prev; // invert
+        }
+        /* continue appending after last op end */
+        while(m->code && m->code->next) m->code = m->code->next; 
+
+        /* TODO: if this is one of *our* classes, we can also 
+                 do a getglobalscope/getslot <nr> (which references
+                 the init function's slots) */
+        if(extends2) {
+            __ getlex2(m, extends2);
+            __ dup(m);
+            /* notice: we get a Verify Error #1107 if the top elemnt on the scope
+               stack is not the superclass */
+            __ pushscope(m);count++;
+        } else {
+            __ pushnull(m);
+            /* notice: we get a verify error #1107 if the top element on the scope 
+               stack is not the global object */
+            __ getlocal_0(m);
+            __ pushscope(m);count++;
+        }
+        __ newclass(m,state->cls->abc);
+        while(count--) {
+            __ popscope(m);
+        }
+        __ setslot(m, slotindex);
+        multiname_destroy(extends2);
 
-NAMESPACE_DECLARATION : MODIFIERS T_NAMESPACE T_IDENTIFIER
-NAMESPACE_DECLARATION : MODIFIERS T_NAMESPACE T_IDENTIFIER '=' T_IDENTIFIER
-NAMESPACE_DECLARATION : MODIFIERS T_NAMESPACE T_IDENTIFIER '=' T_STRING
+        /* flash.display.MovieClip handling */
 
-//NAMESPACE :              {$$=empty_token();}
-//NAMESPACE : T_IDENTIFIER {$$=$1};
+        if(!as3_globalclass && (mod->flags&FLAG_PUBLIC) && slotinfo_equals((slotinfo_t*)registry_getMovieClip(),(slotinfo_t*)extends)) {
+            if(state->package && state->package[0]) {
+                as3_globalclass = concat3(state->package, ".", classname);
+            } else {
+                as3_globalclass = strdup(classname);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-CONSTANT : T_NUMBER
-CONSTANT : T_STRING
-CONSTANT : T_TRUE
-CONSTANT : T_FALSE
-CONSTANT : T_NULL
+static void endclass()
+{
+    if(as3_pass == 2) {
+        if(!state->cls->has_constructor && !(state->cls->info->flags&FLAG_INTERFACE)) {
+            code_t*c = 0;
+            c = abc_getlocal_0(c);
+            c = abc_constructsuper(c, 0);
+            state->cls->init->header = code_append(state->cls->init->header, c);
+            state->cls->has_constructor=1;
+        }
+        if(state->cls->init) {
+            if(state->cls->info->flags&FLAG_INTERFACE) {
+                if(state->cls->init->header) 
+                    syntaxerror("interface can not have class-level code");
+            } else {
+                abc_method_t*m = abc_class_getconstructor(state->cls->abc, 0);
+                code_t*c = method_header(state->cls->init);
+                m->body->code = wrap_function(c, 0, m->body->code);
+            }
+        }
+        if(state->cls->static_init) {
+            abc_method_t*m = abc_class_getstaticconstructor(state->cls->abc, 0);
+            code_t*c = method_header(state->cls->static_init);
+            m->body->code = wrap_function(c, 0, m->body->code);
+        }
+    }
 
-VAR : T_CONST | T_VAR
+    old_state();
+}
 
-// type annotation
-// TODO: NAMESPACE
+void check_code_for_break(code_t*c)
+{
+    while(c) {
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE___BREAK__) {
+            char*name = string_cstr(c->data[0]);
+            syntaxerror("Unresolved \"break %s\"", name);
+        }
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE___CONTINUE__) {
+            char*name = string_cstr(c->data[0]);
+            syntaxerror("Unresolved \"continue %s\"", name);
+        }
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE___RETHROW__) {
+            syntaxerror("Unresolved \"rethrow\"");
+        }
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE___FALLTHROUGH__) {
+            syntaxerror("Unresolved \"fallthrough\"");
+        }
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE___PUSHPACKAGE__) {
+            char*name = string_cstr(c->data[0]);
+            syntaxerror("Can't reference a package (%s) as such", name);
+        }
+        c=c->prev;
+    }
+}
 
-VARIABLE_DECLARATION : MODIFIERS VAR T_IDENTIFIER MAYBETYPE {
-    int i = newvariable($1,$2,$3,$4);
+static void check_constant_against_type(classinfo_t*t, constant_t*c)
+{
+#define xassert(b) if(!(b)) syntaxerror("Invalid default value %s for type '%s'", constant_tostring(c), t->name)
+   if(TYPE_IS_NUMBER(t)) {
+        xassert(c->type == CONSTANT_FLOAT
+             || c->type == CONSTANT_INT
+             || c->type == CONSTANT_UINT);
+   } else if(TYPE_IS_UINT(t)) {
+        xassert(c->type == CONSTANT_UINT ||
+               (c->type == CONSTANT_INT && c->i>=0));
+   } else if(TYPE_IS_INT(t)) {
+        xassert(c->type == CONSTANT_INT);
+   } else if(TYPE_IS_BOOLEAN(t)) {
+        xassert(c->type == CONSTANT_TRUE
+             || c->type == CONSTANT_FALSE);
+   }
 }
-VARIABLE_DECLARATION : MODIFIERS VAR T_IDENTIFIER MAYBETYPE '=' EXPRESSION {
-    int i = newvariable($1,$2,$3,$4);
-    //setvariable(i,$6);
+
+static void check_override(memberinfo_t*m, int flags)
+{
+    if(!m)
+        return;
+    if(m->parent == state->cls->info)
+        syntaxerror("class '%s' already contains a method/slot '%s'", m->parent->name, m->name);
+    if(!m->parent)
+        syntaxerror("internal error: overriding method %s, which doesn't have parent", m->name);
+    if(m->access==ACCESS_PRIVATE)
+        return;
+    if(m->flags & FLAG_FINAL)
+        syntaxerror("can't override final member %s", m->name);
+    
+    /* allow this. it's no issue.
+    if((m->flags & FLAG_STATIC) && !(flags&FLAG_STATIC))
+        syntaxerror("can't override static member %s", m->name);*/
+
+    if(!(m->flags & FLAG_STATIC) && (flags&FLAG_STATIC))
+        syntaxerror("can't override non-static member %s with static declaration", m->name);
+
+    if(!(flags&FLAG_OVERRIDE) && !(flags&FLAG_STATIC) && !(m->flags&FLAG_STATIC)) {
+        if(m->parent && !(m->parent->flags&FLAG_INTERFACE)) {
+            if(m->kind == INFOTYPE_METHOD)
+                syntaxerror("can't override without explicit 'override' declaration");
+            else
+                syntaxerror("can't override '%s'", m->name);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-EXPRESSION : E
+static methodinfo_t*registerfunction(enum yytokentype getset, modifiers_t*mod, char*name, params_t*params, classinfo_t*return_type, int slot)
+{
+    methodinfo_t*minfo = 0;
+    namespace_t ns = modifiers2access(mod);
+    if(!state->cls) {
+        //package method
+        minfo = methodinfo_register_global(ns.access, state->package, name);
+        minfo->return_type = 0; // save this for pass 2
+    } else if(getset != KW_GET && getset != KW_SET) {
+        //class method
+        memberinfo_t* m = registry_findmember(state->cls->info, ns.name, name, 0);
+        if(m) {
+            syntaxerror("class already contains a %s '%s'", infotypename((slotinfo_t*)m), m->name);
+        }
+        minfo = methodinfo_register_onclass(state->cls->info, ns.access, ns.name, name);
+        minfo->return_type = 0; // save this for pass 2 
+        // getslot on a member slot only returns "undefined", so no need
+        // to actually store these
+        //state->minfo->slot = state->method->abc->method->trait->slot_id;
+    } else {
+        //class getter/setter
+        int gs = getset==KW_GET?SUBTYPE_GET:SUBTYPE_SET;
+        classinfo_t*type=0;
+        if(getset == KW_GET) {
+            type = return_type;
+        } else if(params->list && params->list->param && !params->list->next) {
+            type = params->list->param->type;
+        } else
+            syntaxerror("setter function needs to take exactly one argument");
+        // not sure wether to look into superclasses here, too
+        minfo = (methodinfo_t*)registry_findmember(state->cls->info, ns.name, name, 1);
+        if(minfo) {
+            if(minfo->kind!=INFOTYPE_SLOT)
+                syntaxerror("class already contains a method called '%s'", name);
+            if(!(minfo->subtype & (SUBTYPE_GETSET)))
+                syntaxerror("class already contains a field called '%s'", name);
+            if(minfo->subtype & gs)
+                syntaxerror("getter/setter for '%s' already defined", name);
+            /* make a setter or getter into a getset */
+            minfo->subtype |= gs;
+            
+            /*
+            FIXME: this check needs to be done in pass 2
+            
+            if((!minfo->return_type != !type) ||
+                (minfo->return_type && type && 
+                 !strcmp(minfo->return_type->name, type->name))) {
+                syntaxerror("different type in getter and setter: %s and %s", 
+                    minfo->return_type?minfo->return_type->name:"*", 
+                    type?type->name:"*");
+            }*/
+        } else {
+            minfo = methodinfo_register_onclass(state->cls->info, ns.access, ns.name, name);
+            minfo->kind = INFOTYPE_SLOT; //hack
+            minfo->subtype = gs;
+            minfo->return_type = 0;
+        }
+        /* can't assign a slot as getter and setter might have different slots */
+        //minfo->slot = slot;
+    }
+    if(mod->flags&FLAG_FINAL) minfo->flags |= FLAG_FINAL;
+    if(mod->flags&FLAG_STATIC) minfo->flags |= FLAG_STATIC;
+    if(mod->flags&FLAG_OVERRIDE) minfo->flags |= FLAG_OVERRIDE;
+
+    return minfo;
+}
 
-E : CONSTANT
-E : VARIABLE
-E : NEW
-E : T_REGEXP
-E : FUNCTIONCALL
-E : E '<' E
-E : E '>' E
-E : E "<=" E
-E : E ">=" E
-E : E "==" E
-E : E '+' E
-E : E '-' E
-E : E '/' E
-E : E '%' E
-E : E '*' E
-E : E "++"
-E : E "--"
-E : E "as" TYPE
-E : E "is" TYPE
-
-//E : '(' E ')'  // conflicts with function calls: "a=f(c++);"<->"a=f;(c++)"
-//E : '-' E      // conflicts with non-assignment statements: "a=3-1;"<->"a=3;-1"
-
-NEW : T_NEW T_IDENTIFIER
-    | T_NEW T_IDENTIFIER '(' ')'
-    | T_NEW T_IDENTIFIER '(' EXPRESSION_LIST ')'
-
-FUNCTIONCALL : VARIABLE '(' EXPRESSION_LIST ')'
-FUNCTIONCALL : VARIABLE '(' ')'
-
-EXPRESSION_LIST : EXPRESSION
-EXPRESSION_LIST : EXPRESSION_LIST ',' EXPRESSION
-
-VARIABLE : T_IDENTIFIER
-VARIABLE : VARIABLE '.' T_IDENTIFIER
-VARIABLE : VARIABLE ".." T_IDENTIFIER // descendants
-VARIABLE : VARIABLE "::" VARIABLE // namespace declaration
-VARIABLE : VARIABLE "::" '[' EXPRESSION ']' // qualified expression
-VARIABLE : VARIABLE '[' EXPRESSION ']' // unqualified expression
-
-ASSIGNMENT :           VARIABLE           '=' EXPRESSION
-NEW_ASSIGNMENT : T_VAR VARIABLE MAYBETYPE '=' EXPRESSION
-
-FOR : T_FOR '(' NEW_ASSIGNMENT ';' EXPRESSION ';' EXPRESSION ')' '{' MAYBECODE '}'
-FOR : T_FOR '(' ASSIGNMENT     ';' EXPRESSION ';' EXPRESSION ')' '{' MAYBECODE '}'
-
-USE : T_USE T_NAMESPACE T_IDENTIFIER
-
-// keywords which also may be identifiers
-X_IDENTIFIER : T_IDENTIFIER | T_PACKAGE
-
-PACKAGESPEC : PACKAGESPEC '.' PACKAGESPEC {if($1->text[0]=='*') syntaxerror("wildcard in the middle of path");
-                                           $$ = concat3($1,$2,$3);}
-PACKAGESPEC : X_IDENTIFIER                {$$=$1;}
-PACKAGESPEC : '*'                         {$$=$1;}
-
-GETSET : T_GET {$$=$1;}
-       | T_SET {$$=$1;}
-       |       {$$=empty_token();}
-
-CLASS_DECLARATION : MODIFIERS T_CLASS T_IDENTIFIER EXTENDS IMPLEMENTS_LIST '{' {startclass($1,$3,$4,$5);} MAYBE_DECLARATION_LIST '}' {endclass();}
-INTERFACE_DECLARATION : MODIFIERS T_INTERFACE T_IDENTIFIER EXTENDS_LIST '{' MAYBE_IDECLARATION_LIST '}'
-
-PARAMS: {$$=empty_token();}
-PARAMS: PARAM_LIST {$$=$1;}
-PARAM_LIST: PARAM_LIST ',' PARAM {extend($1,$3);$$=$1;}
-PARAM_LIST: PARAM                {$$=empty_token();extend($$,$1);}
-PARAM:  T_IDENTIFIER ':' TYPE {$$=$1;}
-
-MODIFIERS : {$$=empty_token();}
-MODIFIERS : MODIFIER_LIST {$$=$1}
-MODIFIER_LIST : MODIFIER MODIFIER_LIST {extend($2,$1);$$=$2;}
-MODIFIER_LIST : MODIFIER               {$$=empty_token();extend($$,$1);}
-MODIFIER : T_PUBLIC | T_PRIVATE | T_PROTECTED | T_STATIC | T_DYNAMIC | T_FINAL | T_OVERRIDE | T_NATIVE | T_INTERNAL
-
-DECLARATION : VARIABLE_DECLARATION
-DECLARATION : FUNCTION_DECLARATION
-
-IDECLARATION : VARIABLE_DECLARATION
-IDECLARATION : FUNCTION_DECLARATION
-
-IMPLEMENTS_LIST : {$$=list_new();}
-IMPLEMENTS_LIST : T_IMPLEMENTS PACKAGEANDCLASS_LIST {$$=$2;}
-
-EXTENDS : {$$=registry_getobjectclass();}
-EXTENDS : T_EXTENDS PACKAGEANDCLASS {$$=$2;}
-
-EXTENDS_LIST : {$$=list_new();}
-EXTENDS_LIST : T_EXTENDS PACKAGEANDCLASS_LIST {$$=$2;}
-
-//IDENTIFIER_LIST : T_IDENTIFIER ',' IDENTIFIER_LIST {extend($3,$1);$$=$3;}
-//IDENTIFIER_LIST : T_IDENTIFIER                     {$$=empty_token();extend($$,$1);}
-
-PACKAGEANDCLASS : T_IDENTIFIER {$$ = registry_findclass(state->package, $1->text);}
-PACKAGEANDCLASS : PACKAGE '.' T_IDENTIFIER {$$ = registry_findclass($1->text, $3->text);}
-PACKAGE : X_IDENTIFIER
-PACKAGE : PACKAGE '.' X_IDENTIFIER {$$=$1;extend_s($$,".",$3);}
-
-MULTILEVELIDENTIFIER : MULTILEVELIDENTIFIER '.' X_IDENTIFIER {$$=$1;extend_s($$, ".", $3)}
-MULTILEVELIDENTIFIER : T_IDENTIFIER                 {$$=$1;extend($$,$1)};
-
-PACKAGEANDCLASS_LIST : PACKAGEANDCLASS {$$=list_new();list_append($$, $1);}
-PACKAGEANDCLASS_LIST : PACKAGEANDCLASS_LIST ',' PACKAGEANDCLASS {$$=$1;list_append($$,$3);}
-
-MAYBE_DECLARATION_LIST : 
-MAYBE_DECLARATION_LIST : DECLARATION_LIST
-DECLARATION_LIST : DECLARATION
-DECLARATION_LIST : DECLARATION_LIST DECLARATION
-
-MAYBE_IDECLARATION_LIST : 
-MAYBE_IDECLARATION_LIST : IDECLARATION_LIST
-IDECLARATION_LIST : IDECLARATION
-IDECLARATION_LIST : IDECLARATION_LIST FUNCTION_HEADER
+static void innerfunction(char*name, params_t*params, classinfo_t*return_type)
+{
+    //parserassert(state->method && state->method->info);
 
-// chapter 14
-// keywords: as break case catch class const continue default delete do else extends false finally for function if implements import in instanceof interface internal is native new null package private protected public return super switch this throw to true try typeof use var void while with
-// syntactic keywords: each get set namespace include dynamic final native override static
+    methodstate_t*parent_method = state->method;
+
+    if(as3_pass==1) {
+        return_type = 0; // not valid in pass 1
+    }
+
+    new_state();
+    state->new_vars = 1;
+   
+    if(as3_pass == 1) {
+        state->method = rfx_calloc(sizeof(methodstate_t));
+        state->method->inner = 1;
+        state->method->variable_count = 0;
+        state->method->abc = rfx_calloc(sizeof(abc_method_t));
+
+        NEW(methodinfo_t,minfo);
+        minfo->kind = INFOTYPE_METHOD;
+        minfo->access = ACCESS_PACKAGEINTERNAL;
+        minfo->name = name;
+        state->method->info = minfo;
+
+        if(parent_method)
+            list_append(parent_method->innerfunctions, state->method);
+
+        dict_put(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount, state->method);
+    
+        function_initvars(state->method, params, 0, 1);
+    }
+
+    if(as3_pass == 2) {
+        state->method = dict_lookup(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount);
+        state->method->variable_count = 0;
+        parserassert(state->method);
+
+        state->method->info->return_type = return_type;
+        function_initvars(state->method, params, 0, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+static void startfunction(modifiers_t*mod, enum yytokentype getset, char*name,
+                          params_t*params, classinfo_t*return_type)
+{
+    if(state->method && state->method->info) {
+        syntaxerror("not able to start another method scope");
+    }
+    new_state();
+    state->new_vars = 1;
+    
+    if(as3_pass == 1) {
+        state->method = rfx_calloc(sizeof(methodstate_t));
+        state->method->has_super = 0;
+
+        if(state->cls) {
+            state->method->is_constructor = !strcmp(state->cls->info->name,name);
+        } else {
+            state->method->is_global = 1;
+            state->method->late_binding = 1; // for global methods, always push local_0 on the scope stack
+        }
+        if(state->method->is_constructor)
+            name = "__as3_constructor__";
+
+        state->method->info = registerfunction(getset, mod, name, params, return_type, 0);
+       
+        function_initvars(state->method, params, mod->flags, 1);
+        
+        dict_put(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount, state->method);
+    }
+
+    if(as3_pass == 2) {
+        state->method = dict_lookup(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount);
+        state->method->variable_count = 0;
+        parserassert(state->method);
+                
+        if(state->cls) {
+            memberinfo_t*m = registry_findmember(state->cls->info, mod->ns, name, 2);
+            check_override(m, mod->flags);
+        }
+            
+        if(state->cls) { 
+            state->cls->has_constructor |= state->method->is_constructor;
+        }
+        
+        state->method->info->return_type = return_type;
+        function_initvars(state->method, params, mod->flags, 1);
+    } 
+}
+
+static abc_method_t* endfunction(modifiers_t*mod, enum yytokentype getset, char*name,
+                          params_t*params, classinfo_t*return_type, code_t*body)
+{
+    if(as3_pass==1) {
+        // store inner methods in variables
+        function_initvars(state->method, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        methodstate_list_t*ml = state->method->innerfunctions;
+        
+        dict_t*xvars = dict_new();
+
+        while(ml) {
+            methodstate_t*m = ml->methodstate;
+            parserassert(m->inner);
+            if(m->unresolved_variables) {
+                dict_t*d = m->unresolved_variables;
+                int t;
+                for(t=0;t<d->hashsize;t++) {
+                    dictentry_t*l = d->slots[t]; 
+                    while(l) {
+                        /* check parent method's variables */
+                        variable_t*v;
+                        if((v=find_variable(state, l->key))) {
+                            m->uses_parent_function = 1;
+                            state->method->uses_slots = 1;
+                            dict_put(xvars, l->key, 0);
+                        }
+                        l = l->next;
+                    }
+                    if(l) break;
+                }
+
+                dict_destroy(m->unresolved_variables);
+                m->unresolved_variables = 0;
+            }
+            ml = ml->next;
+        }
+        
+        if(state->method->uses_slots) {
+            state->method->slots = dict_new();
+            int i = 1;
+            DICT_ITERATE_ITEMS(state->vars, char*, name, variable_t*, v) {
+                if(!name) syntaxerror("internal error");
+                if(v->index && dict_contains(xvars, name)) {
+                    v->init = 0;
+                    v->index = i++;
+                    if(v->is_inner_method) {
+                        v->is_inner_method->is_a_slot = 1;
+                    }
+                    //v->type = 0;
+                    dict_put(state->method->slots, name, v);
+                }
+            }
+            state->method->uses_slots = i;
+            dict_destroy(state->vars);state->vars = 0;
+        }
+        old_state();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if(as3_pass==2) {
+        /*if(state->method->uses_parent_function){
+            syntaxerror("accessing variables of parent function from inner functions not supported yet");
+        }*/
+
+        abc_method_t*f = 0;
+
+        multiname_t*type2 = sig2mname(return_type);
+        int slot = 0;
+        if(state->method->inner) {
+            f = state->method->abc;
+            abc_method_init(f, global->file, type2, 1);
+        } else if(state->method->is_constructor) {
+            f = abc_class_getconstructor(state->cls->abc, type2);
+        } else if(!state->method->is_global) {
+            namespace_t mname_ns = modifiers2access(mod);
+            multiname_t mname = {QNAME, &mname_ns, 0, name};
+
+            if(mod->flags&FLAG_STATIC)
+                f = abc_class_staticmethod(state->cls->abc, type2, &mname);
+            else
+                f = abc_class_method(state->cls->abc, type2, &mname);
+            slot = f->trait->slot_id;
+        } else {
+            namespace_t mname_ns = {state->method->info->access, state->package};
+            multiname_t mname = {QNAME, &mname_ns, 0, name};
+
+            f = abc_method_new(global->file, type2, 1);
+            trait_t*t = trait_new_method(&global->init->traits, multiname_clone(&mname), f);
+            //abc_code_t*c = global->init->method->body->code;
+        }
+        //flash doesn't seem to allow us to access function slots
+        //state->method->info->slot = slot;
+
+        if(mod && mod->flags&FLAG_OVERRIDE) f->trait->attributes |= TRAIT_ATTR_OVERRIDE;
+        if(getset == KW_GET) f->trait->kind = TRAIT_GETTER;
+        if(getset == KW_SET) f->trait->kind = TRAIT_SETTER;
+        if(params->varargs) f->flags |= METHOD_NEED_REST;
+
+        char opt=0;
+        param_list_t*p=0;
+        for(p=params->list;p;p=p->next) {
+            if(params->varargs && !p->next) {
+                break; //varargs: omit last parameter in function signature
+            }
+            multiname_t*m = sig2mname(p->param->type);
+            list_append(f->parameters, m);
+            if(p->param->value) {
+                check_constant_against_type(p->param->type, p->param->value);
+                opt=1;list_append(f->optional_parameters, p->param->value);
+            } else if(opt) {
+                syntaxerror("non-optional parameter not allowed after optional parameters");
+            }
+        }
+        if(state->method->slots) {
+            DICT_ITERATE_ITEMS(state->method->slots, char*, name, variable_t*, v) {
+                if(v->index) {
+                    multiname_t*mname = multiname_new(namespace_new(ACCESS_PACKAGE, ""), name);
+                    multiname_t*type = sig2mname(v->type);
+                    trait_t*t = trait_new_member(&f->body->traits, type, mname, 0);
+                    t->slot_id = v->index;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        check_code_for_break(body);
+
+        /* Seems this works now.
+        if(state->method->exceptions && state->method->uses_slots) {
+           as3_warning("try/catch and activation not supported yet within the same method");
+        }*/
+
+        if(f->body) {
+            f->body->code = body;
+            f->body->exceptions = state->method->exceptions;
+        } else { //interface
+            if(body)
+                syntaxerror("interface methods can't have a method body");
+        }
+
+        old_state();
+        return f;
+    }
+        
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void breakjumpsto(code_t*c, char*name, code_t*jump) 
+{
+    while(c) {
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE___BREAK__) {
+            string_t*name2 = c->data[0];
+            if(!name2->len || !strncmp(name2->str, name, name2->len)) {
+                c->opcode = OPCODE_JUMP;
+                c->branch = jump;
+            }
+        }
+        c=c->prev;
+    }
+}
+void continuejumpsto(code_t*c, char*name, code_t*jump) 
+{
+    while(c) {
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE___CONTINUE__) {
+            string_t*name2 = c->data[0];
+            if(!name2->len || !strncmp(name2->str, name, name2->len)) {
+                c->opcode = OPCODE_JUMP;
+                c->branch = jump;
+            }
+        }
+        c = c->prev;
+    }
+}
+
+/* TODO: move this to ast.c */
+#define IS_INT(a) (TYPE_IS_INT((a)) || TYPE_IS_UINT((a)))
+#define IS_NUMBER_OR_INT(a) (TYPE_IS_INT((a)) || TYPE_IS_UINT((a)) || TYPE_IS_NUMBER((a)))
+#define BOTH_INT(a,b) (IS_INT(a) && IS_INT(b))
+static classinfo_t*join_types(classinfo_t*type1, classinfo_t*type2, char op)
+{
+    if(!type1 || !type2) 
+        return registry_getanytype();
+    if(TYPE_IS_ANY(type1) || TYPE_IS_ANY(type2))
+        return registry_getanytype();
+
+    if(op=='+') {
+        if(IS_NUMBER_OR_INT(type1) && IS_NUMBER_OR_INT(type2)) {
+            return TYPE_NUMBER;
+        } else {
+            return TYPE_ANY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(type1 == type2)
+        return type1;
+    return registry_getanytype();
+}
+static char is_getlocal(code_t*c)
+{
+    if(!c || c->prev || c->next)
+        return 0;
+    return(c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL
+        || c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_0
+        || c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_1
+        || c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_2
+        || c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_3);
+}
+static int getlocalnr(code_t*c)
+{
+    if(c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL) {return (ptroff_t)c->data[0];}
+    else if(c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_0) {return 0;}
+    else if(c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_1) {return 1;}
+    else if(c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_2) {return 2;}
+    else if(c->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_3) {return 3;}
+    else syntaxerror("Internal error: opcode %02x is not a getlocal call", c->opcode);
+    return 0;
+}
+code_t*converttype(code_t*c, classinfo_t*from, classinfo_t*to)
+{
+    if(from==to)
+        return c;
+    if(!to) {
+        return abc_coerce_a(c);
+    }
+    MULTINAME(m, to);
+    if(!from) {
+        // cast an "any" type to a specific type. subject to
+        // runtime exceptions
+        return abc_coerce2(c, &m);
+    }
+    
+    if((TYPE_IS_NUMBER(from) || TYPE_IS_UINT(from) || TYPE_IS_INT(from)) &&
+       (TYPE_IS_NUMBER(to) || TYPE_IS_UINT(to) || TYPE_IS_INT(to))) {
+        // allow conversion between number types
+        if(TYPE_IS_UINT(to))
+            return abc_convert_u(c);
+        else if(TYPE_IS_INT(to))
+            return abc_convert_i(c);
+        else if(TYPE_IS_NUMBER(to))
+            return abc_convert_d(c);
+        return abc_coerce2(c, &m);
+    }
+
+    if(TYPE_IS_BOOLEAN(to))
+        return abc_convert_b(c);
+    if(TYPE_IS_STRING(to))
+        return abc_convert_s(c);
+    if(TYPE_IS_OBJECT(to))
+        return abc_convert_o(c);
+
+    classinfo_t*supertype = from;
+    while(supertype) {
+        if(supertype == to) {
+             // target type is one of from's superclasses
+             return abc_coerce2(c, &m);
+        }
+        int t=0;
+        while(supertype->interfaces[t]) {
+            if(supertype->interfaces[t]==to) {
+                // target type is one of from's interfaces
+                return abc_coerce2(c, &m);
+            }
+            t++;
+        }
+        supertype = supertype->superclass;
+    }
+    if(TYPE_IS_FUNCTION(from) && TYPE_IS_FUNCTION(to))
+        return c;
+    if(TYPE_IS_CLASS(from) && TYPE_IS_CLASS(to))
+        return c;
+    if(TYPE_IS_NULL(from) && !IS_NUMBER_OR_INT(to))
+        return c;
+
+    as3_error("can't convert type %s%s%s to %s%s%s", 
+        from->package, from->package[0]?".":"", from->name, 
+        to->package, to->package[0]?".":"", to->name);
+
+    return c;
+}
+/* move to ast.c todo end */
+
+char is_pushundefined(code_t*c)
+{
+    return (c && !c->prev && !c->next && c->opcode == OPCODE_PUSHUNDEFINED);
+}
+
+static const char* get_package_from_name(const char*name)
+{
+    /* try explicit imports */
+    dictentry_t* e = dict_get_slot(state->imports, name);
+    while(e) {
+        if(!strcmp(e->key, name)) {
+            slotinfo_t*c = (slotinfo_t*)e->data;
+            if(c) return c->package;
+        }
+        e = e->next;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+static namespace_list_t*get_current_imports()
+{
+    namespace_list_t*searchlist = 0;
+    
+    list_append(searchlist, namespace_new_package(state->package));
+
+    import_list_t*l = state->wildcard_imports;
+    while(l) {
+        namespace_t*ns = namespace_new_package(l->import->package);
+        list_append(searchlist, ns);
+        l = l->next;
+    }
+    list_append(searchlist, namespace_new_package(""));
+    list_append(searchlist, namespace_new_package(internal_filename_package));
+    return searchlist;
+}
+
+static slotinfo_t* find_class(const char*name)
+{
+    slotinfo_t*c=0;
+
+    c = registry_find(state->package, name);
+    if(c) return c;
+
+    /* try explicit imports */
+    dictentry_t* e = dict_get_slot(state->imports, name);
+    if(c) return c;
+    while(e) {
+        if(!strcmp(e->key, name)) {
+            c = (slotinfo_t*)e->data;
+            if(c) return c;
+        }
+        e = e->next;
+    }
+
+    /* try package.* imports */
+    import_list_t*l = state->wildcard_imports;
+    while(l) {
+        //printf("does package %s contain a class %s?\n", l->import->package, name);
+        c = registry_find(l->import->package, name);
+        if(c) return c;
+        l = l->next;
+    }
+
+    /* try global package */
+    c = registry_find("", name);
+    if(c) return c;
+  
+    /* try local "filename" package */
+    c = registry_find(internal_filename_package, name);
+    if(c) return c;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+typedcode_t push_class(slotinfo_t*a)
+{
+    typedcode_t x;
+    x.c = 0;
+    x.t = 0;
+    if(a->access == ACCESS_PACKAGEINTERNAL &&
+       strcmp(a->package, state->package) &&
+       strcmp(a->package, internal_filename_package)
+       ) {
+       syntaxerror("Can't access internal %s %s in package '%s' from package '%s'",
+            infotypename(a), a->name, a->package, state->package);
+    }
+
+    if(a->kind != INFOTYPE_CLASS) {
+        MULTINAME(m, a);
+        x.c = abc_findpropstrict2(x.c, &m);
+        x.c = abc_getproperty2(x.c, &m);
+        if(a->kind == INFOTYPE_METHOD) {
+            methodinfo_t*f = (methodinfo_t*)a;
+            x.t = TYPE_FUNCTION(f);
+        } else {
+            varinfo_t*v = (varinfo_t*)a;
+            x.t = v->type;
+        }
+    } else {
+        classinfo_t*c = (classinfo_t*)a;
+        if(c->slot) {
+            x.c = abc_getglobalscope(x.c);
+            x.c = abc_getslot(x.c, c->slot);
+        } else {
+            MULTINAME(m, c);
+            x.c = abc_getlex2(x.c, &m);
+        }
+        x.t = TYPE_CLASS(c);
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+
+code_t* toreadwrite(code_t*in, code_t*middlepart, char justassign, char readbefore, char pushvalue)
+{
+    /* converts this:
+
+       [prefix code] [read instruction]
+
+       to this:
+
+       [prefix code] ([dup]) [read instruction] [middlepart] [setvar] [write instruction] [getvar]
+    */
+    if(in && in->opcode == OPCODE_COERCE_A) {
+        in = code_cutlast(in);
+    }
+    if(in->next)
+        syntaxerror("internal error");
+
+    /* chop off read instruction */
+    code_t*prefix = in;
+    code_t*r = in;
+    if(r->prev) {
+        prefix = r->prev;r->prev = 0;
+        prefix->next=0;
+    } else {
+        prefix = 0;
+    }
+        
+    char use_temp_var = readbefore;
+
+    /* generate the write instruction, and maybe append a dup to the prefix code */
+    code_t* write = abc_nop(0);
+    if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETPROPERTY) {
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETPROPERTY;
+        multiname_t*m = (multiname_t*)r->data[0];
+        write->data[0] = multiname_clone(m);
+        if(m->type == QNAME || m->type == MULTINAME) {
+            if(!justassign) {
+                prefix = abc_dup(prefix); // we need the object, too
+            }
+            use_temp_var = 1;
+        } else if(m->type == MULTINAMEL) {
+            if(!justassign) {
+                /* dupping two values on the stack requires 5 operations and one register- 
+                   couldn't adobe just have given us a dup2? */
+                int temp = gettempvar();
+                prefix = abc_setlocal(prefix, temp);
+                prefix = abc_dup(prefix);
+                prefix = abc_getlocal(prefix, temp);
+                prefix = abc_swap(prefix);
+                prefix = abc_getlocal(prefix, temp);
+                if(!use_temp_var);
+                    prefix = abc_kill(prefix, temp);
+            }
+            use_temp_var = 1;
+        } else {
+            syntaxerror("illegal lvalue: can't assign a value to this expression (not a qname/multiname)");
+        }
+    } else if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETSLOT) {
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETSLOT;
+        write->data[0] = r->data[0];
+        if(!justassign) {
+            prefix = abc_dup(prefix); // we need the object, too
+        }
+        use_temp_var = 1;
+    } else if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL) { 
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETLOCAL;
+        write->data[0] = r->data[0];
+    } else if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_0) { 
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETLOCAL_0;
+    } else if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_1) { 
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETLOCAL_1;
+    } else if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_2) { 
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETLOCAL_2;
+    } else if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETLOCAL_3) { 
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETLOCAL_3;
+    } else if(r->opcode == OPCODE_GETSUPER) { 
+        write->opcode = OPCODE_SETSUPER;
+        multiname_t*m = (multiname_t*)r->data[0];
+        write->data[0] = multiname_clone(m);
+    } else {
+        code_dump(r);
+        syntaxerror("illegal lvalue: can't assign a value to this expression");
+    }
+    code_t* c = 0;
+    
+    int temp = -1;
+    if(!justassign) {
+        if(use_temp_var) {
+            /* with getproperty/getslot, we have to be extra careful not
+               to execute the read code twice, as it might have side-effects
+               (e.g. if the property is in fact a setter/getter combination)
+
+               So read the value, modify it, and write it again,
+               using prefix only once and making sure (by using a temporary
+               register) that the return value is what we just wrote */
+            temp = gettempvar();
+            c = code_append(c, prefix);
+            c = code_append(c, r);
+            if(pushvalue && readbefore) {
+                c = abc_dup(c);
+                c = abc_setlocal(c, temp);
+            }
+            c = code_append(c, middlepart);
+            if(pushvalue && !readbefore) {
+                c = abc_dup(c);
+                c = abc_setlocal(c, temp);
+            }
+            c = code_append(c, write);
+            if(pushvalue) {
+                c = abc_getlocal(c, temp);
+                c = abc_kill(c, temp);
+            }
+        } else {
+            /* if we're allowed to execute the read code twice *and*
+               the middlepart doesn't modify the code, things are easier.
+            */
+            //c = code_append(c, prefix);
+            parserassert(!prefix);
+            code_t* r2 = 0;
+            if(pushvalue) {
+                r2 = code_dup(r);
+            }
+            c = code_append(c, r);
+            c = code_append(c, middlepart);
+            c = code_append(c, write);
+            if(pushvalue) {
+                c = code_append(c, r2);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* even smaller version: overwrite the value without reading
+           it out first */
+        if(!use_temp_var) {
+            if(prefix) {
+                c = code_append(c, prefix);
+                c = abc_dup(c);
+            }
+            c = code_append(c, middlepart);
+            c = code_append(c, write);
+            if(pushvalue) {
+                c = code_append(c, r);
+            }
+        } else {
+            code_free(r);r=0;
+            temp = gettempvar();
+            if(prefix) {
+                c = code_append(c, prefix);
+            }
+            c = code_append(c, middlepart);
+            if(pushvalue) {
+                c = abc_dup(c);
+                c = abc_setlocal(c, temp);
+            }
+            c = code_append(c, write);
+            if(pushvalue) {
+                c = abc_getlocal(c, temp);
+                c = abc_kill(c, temp);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return c;
+}
+
+char is_break_or_jump(code_t*c)
+{
+    if(!c)
+        return 0;
+    if(c->opcode == OPCODE_JUMP ||
+       c->opcode == OPCODE___BREAK__ ||
+       c->opcode == OPCODE___CONTINUE__ ||
+       c->opcode == OPCODE_THROW ||
+       c->opcode == OPCODE_RETURNVOID ||
+       c->opcode == OPCODE_RETURNVALUE) {
+       return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#define IS_FINALLY_TARGET(op) \
+        ((op) == OPCODE___CONTINUE__ || \
+         (op) == OPCODE___BREAK__ || \
+         (op) == OPCODE_RETURNVOID || \
+         (op) == OPCODE_RETURNVALUE || \
+         (op) == OPCODE___RETHROW__)
+
+static code_t* insert_finally_lookup(code_t*c, code_t*finally, int tempvar)
+{
+#define NEED_EXTRA_STACK_ARG
+    code_t*finally_label = abc_nop(0);
+    NEW(lookupswitch_t, l);
+    //_lookupswitch
+
+    code_t*i = c;
+    int count=0;
+    while(i) {
+        code_t*prev = i->prev;
+        if(IS_FINALLY_TARGET(i->opcode)) {
+           code_t*p = prev;
+           char needvalue=0;
+           if(i->opcode == OPCODE___RETHROW__ ||
+              i->opcode == OPCODE_RETURNVALUE) {
+               if(i->opcode == OPCODE___RETHROW__)
+                 i->opcode = OPCODE_THROW;
+               needvalue=1;
+               p = abc_coerce_a(p);
+               p = abc_setlocal(p, tempvar);
+           }
+           p = abc_pushbyte(p, count++);
+           p = abc_jump(p, finally_label);
+           code_t*target = p = abc_label(p);
+#ifdef NEED_EXTRA_STACK_ARG
+           p = abc_pop(p);
+#endif
+           if(needvalue) {
+               p = abc_getlocal(p, tempvar);
+           }
+
+           p->next = i;i->prev = p;
+           list_append(l->targets, target);
+        }
+        i = prev;
+    }
+
+    code_t*j,*f;
+    c = abc_pushbyte(c, -1);
+    c = code_append(c, finally_label);
+    c = code_append(c, finally);
+
+#ifdef NEED_EXTRA_STACK_ARG
+    c = abc_dup(c);
+#endif
+    c = abc_lookupswitch(c, l);
+    c = l->def = abc_label(c);
+#ifdef NEED_EXTRA_STACK_ARG
+    c = abc_pop(c);
+#endif
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+static code_t* insert_finally_simple(code_t*c, code_t*finally, int tempvar)
+{
+    code_t*i = c;
+    while(i) {
+        code_t*prev = i->prev;
+        if(IS_FINALLY_TARGET(i->opcode)) {
+           if(i->opcode == OPCODE___RETHROW__)
+                i->opcode = OPCODE_THROW;
+           code_t*end = code_dup(finally);
+           code_t*start = code_start(end);
+           if(prev) prev->next = start;
+           start->prev = prev;
+           i->prev = end;
+           end->next = i;
+        }
+        i = prev;
+    }
+    return code_append(c, finally);
+}
+
+code_t* insert_finally(code_t*c, code_t*finally, int tempvar)
+{
+    if(!finally)
+        return c;
+    code_t*i = c;
+    char cantdup=0;
+    int num_insertion_points=0;
+    while(i) {
+        if(IS_FINALLY_TARGET(i->opcode))
+            num_insertion_points++;
+        i = i->prev;
+    }
+    i = finally;
+    int code_size=0;
+    while(i) {
+        code_size++;
+        if(i->branch || i->opcode == OPCODE_LOOKUPSWITCH) {
+            cantdup=1;
+        }
+        i = i->prev;
+    }
+    int simple_version_cost = (1+num_insertion_points)*code_size;
+    int lookup_version_cost = 4*num_insertion_points + 5;
+
+    if(cantdup || simple_version_cost > lookup_version_cost) {
+        //printf("(use lookup) simple=%d > lookup=%d\n", simple_version_cost, lookup_version_cost);
+        return insert_finally_lookup(c, finally, tempvar);
+    } else {
+        //printf("(use simple) simple=%d < lookup=%d\n", simple_version_cost, lookup_version_cost);
+        return insert_finally_simple(c, finally, tempvar);
+    }
+}
+
+#define PASS1 }} if(as3_pass == 1) {{
+#define PASS1END }} if(as3_pass == 2) {{
+#define PASS2 }} if(as3_pass == 2) {{
+#define PASS12 }} if(as3_pass == 1 || as3_pass == 2) {{
+#define PASS12END }} if(as3_pass == 2) {{
+#define PASS_ALWAYS }} {{
+
+%}
+
+%%
+
+/* ------------ code blocks / statements ---------------- */
+
+PROGRAM: MAYBE_PROGRAM_CODE_LIST
+
+MAYBE_PROGRAM_CODE_LIST: | PROGRAM_CODE_LIST 
+PROGRAM_CODE_LIST: PROGRAM_CODE 
+                 | PROGRAM_CODE_LIST PROGRAM_CODE
+
+PROGRAM_CODE: PACKAGE_DECLARATION 
+            | INTERFACE_DECLARATION 
+            | CLASS_DECLARATION
+            | FUNCTION_DECLARATION
+            | SLOT_DECLARATION
+            | PACKAGE_INITCODE
+            | CONDITIONAL_COMPILATION '{' MAYBE_PROGRAM_CODE_LIST '}' {PASS_ALWAYS as3_pass=$1;}
+            | ';'
+
+MAYBE_INPACKAGE_CODE_LIST: | INPACKAGE_CODE_LIST
+INPACKAGE_CODE_LIST: INPACKAGE_CODE 
+                   | INPACKAGE_CODE_LIST INPACKAGE_CODE
+
+INPACKAGE_CODE: INTERFACE_DECLARATION 
+              | CLASS_DECLARATION
+              | FUNCTION_DECLARATION
+              | SLOT_DECLARATION
+              | PACKAGE_INITCODE
+              | CONDITIONAL_COMPILATION '{' MAYBE_INPACKAGE_CODE_LIST '}' {PASS_ALWAYS as3_pass=$1;}
+              | ';'
+
+MAYBECODE: CODE {$$=$1;}
+MAYBECODE: {$$=code_new();}
+
+CODE: CODE CODEPIECE {$$=code_append($1,$2);}
+CODE: CODEPIECE {$$=$1;}
+
+// code which may appear outside of methods
+CODE_STATEMENT: IMPORT 
+CODE_STATEMENT: FOR 
+CODE_STATEMENT: FOR_IN 
+CODE_STATEMENT: WHILE 
+CODE_STATEMENT: DO_WHILE 
+CODE_STATEMENT: SWITCH 
+CODE_STATEMENT: IF
+CODE_STATEMENT: WITH
+CODE_STATEMENT: TRY
+CODE_STATEMENT: VOIDEXPRESSION 
+CODE_STATEMENT: USE_NAMESPACE
+CODE_STATEMENT: NAMESPACE_DECLARATION
+CODE_STATEMENT: '{' CODE '}' {$$=$2;}
+CODE_STATEMENT: '{' '}' {$$=0;}
+
+// code which may appear in methods
+CODEPIECE: ';' {$$=0;}
+CODEPIECE: CODE_STATEMENT
+CODEPIECE: VARIABLE_DECLARATION
+CODEPIECE: BREAK
+CODEPIECE: CONTINUE
+CODEPIECE: RETURN
+CODEPIECE: THROW
+CODEPIECE: CONDITIONAL_COMPILATION '{' CODE '}' {PASS_ALWAYS as3_pass=$1;}
+
+//CODEBLOCK :  '{' CODE '}' {$$=$2;}
+//CODEBLOCK :  '{' '}'      {$$=0;}
+CODEBLOCK :  CODEPIECE ';'             {$$=$1;}
+CODEBLOCK :  CODEPIECE %prec below_semicolon {$$=$1;}
+
+/* ------------ package init code ------------------- */
+
+PACKAGE_INITCODE: CODE_STATEMENT {
+    code_t**cc = &global->init->method->body->code;
+    *cc = code_append(*cc, $1);
+}
+
+/* ------------ conditional compilation ------------- */
+
+CONDITIONAL_COMPILATION: T_IDENTIFIER "::" T_IDENTIFIER {
+    PASS12
+    $$=as3_pass;
+    char*key = concat3($1,"::",$3);
+    if(!definitions || !dict_contains(definitions, key)) {
+        as3_pass=0;
+    }
+    free(key);
+}
+
+/* ------------ variables --------------------------- */
+
+%code {
+    char is_subtype_of(classinfo_t*type, classinfo_t*supertype)
+    {
+        return 1; // FIXME
+    }
+};
+
+MAYBEEXPRESSION : '=' NONCOMMAEXPRESSION {$$=$2;}
+                |                {$$.c=abc_pushundefined(0);
+                                  $$.t=TYPE_ANY;
+                                 }
+
+VARIABLE_DECLARATION : "var" VARIABLE_LIST {$$=$2;}
+VARIABLE_DECLARATION : "const" VARIABLE_LIST {$$=$2;}
+
+VARIABLE_LIST: ONE_VARIABLE                   {$$ = $1;}
+VARIABLE_LIST: VARIABLE_LIST ',' ONE_VARIABLE {$$ = code_append($1, $3);}
+
+ONE_VARIABLE: T_IDENTIFIER MAYBETYPE MAYBEEXPRESSION
+{
+PASS12
+    if(variable_exists($1))
+        syntaxerror("Variable %s already defined", $1);
+PASS1
+    new_variable($1, 0, 1, 0);
+PASS2
+   
+    if(!is_subtype_of($3.t, $2)) {
+        syntaxerror("Can't convert %s to %s", $3.t->name, 
+                                              $2->name);
+    }
+
+    char slot = 0;
+    int index = 0;
+    if(state->method->uses_slots) {
+        variable_t* v = find_slot(state, $1);
+        if(v && !v->init) {
+            // this variable is stored in a slot
+            v->init = 1;
+            v->type = $2;
+            slot = 1;
+            index = v->index;
+        }
+    }
+    if(!index) {
+        index = new_variable($1, $2, 1, 0);
+    }
+
+    $$ = slot?abc_getscopeobject(0, 1):0;
+    
+    if($2) {
+        if($3.c->prev || $3.c->opcode != OPCODE_PUSHUNDEFINED) {
+            $$ = code_append($$, $3.c);
+            $$ = converttype($$, $3.t, $2);
+        } else {
+            code_free($3.c);
+            $$ = defaultvalue($$, $2);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if($3.c->prev || $3.c->opcode != OPCODE_PUSHUNDEFINED) {
+            $$ = code_append($$, $3.c);
+            $$ = abc_coerce_a($$);
+        } else {
+            // don't do anything
+            code_free($3.c);
+            code_free($$);
+            $$ = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if(slot) {
+        $$ = abc_setslot($$, index);
+    } else {
+        $$ = abc_setlocal($$, index);
+    }
+}
+
+/* ------------ control flow ------------------------- */
+
+MAYBEELSE:  %prec below_else {$$ = code_new();}
+MAYBEELSE: "else" CODEBLOCK {$$=$2;}
+//MAYBEELSE: ';' "else" CODEBLOCK {$$=$3;}
+
+IF : "if" '(' {PASS12 new_state();} EXPRESSION ')' CODEBLOCK MAYBEELSE {
+     
+    $$ = code_new();
+    $$ = code_append($$, $4.c);
+    code_t*myjmp,*myif = $$ = abc_iffalse($$, 0);
+   
+    $$ = code_append($$, $6);
+    if($7) {
+        myjmp = $$ = abc_jump($$, 0);
+    }
+    myif->branch = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    if($7) {
+        $$ = code_append($$, $7);
+        myjmp->branch = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    }
+    $$ = var_block($$);
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+FOR_INIT : {$$=code_new();}
+FOR_INIT : VARIABLE_DECLARATION
+FOR_INIT : VOIDEXPRESSION
+
+// TODO: why doesn't an %prec above_identifier resolve the r-r conflict here?
+//       (I don't see any easy way to revolve this conflict otherwise, as we
+//        can't touch VAR_READ without upsetting the precedence about "return")
+FOR_IN_INIT : "var" T_IDENTIFIER MAYBETYPE {
+    PASS1 $$=$2;new_variable($2,0,1,0);
+    PASS2 $$=$2;new_variable($2,$3,1,0);
+}
+FOR_IN_INIT : T_IDENTIFIER {
+    PASS12
+    $$=$1;
+}
+
+FOR_START : T_FOR '(' {PASS12 new_state();$$.name=$1;$$.each=0;}
+FOR_START : T_FOR "each" '(' {PASS12 new_state();$$.name=$1;$$.each=1;}
+
+FOR : FOR_START FOR_INIT ';' EXPRESSION ';' VOIDEXPRESSION ')' CODEBLOCK {
+    if($1.each) syntaxerror("invalid syntax: ; not allowed in for each statement");
+    $$ = code_new();
+    $$ = code_append($$, $2);
+    code_t*loopstart = $$ = abc_label($$);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $4.c);
+    code_t*myif = $$ = abc_iffalse($$, 0);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $8);
+    code_t*cont = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $6);
+    $$ = abc_jump($$, loopstart);
+    code_t*out = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    breakjumpsto($$, $1.name, out);
+    continuejumpsto($$, $1.name, cont);
+    myif->branch = out;
+
+    $$ = var_block($$);
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+FOR_IN : FOR_START FOR_IN_INIT "in" EXPRESSION ')' CODEBLOCK {
+    variable_t*var = find_variable(state, $2);
+    if(!var) {
+        syntaxerror("variable %s not known in this scope", $2);
+    }
+
+    char*tmp1name = concat2($2, "__tmp1__");
+    int it = new_variable(tmp1name, TYPE_INT, 0, 0);
+    char*tmp2name = concat2($2, "__array__");
+    int array = new_variable(tmp1name, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    $$ = code_new();
+    $$ = code_append($$, $4.c);
+    $$ = abc_coerce_a($$);
+    $$ = abc_setlocal($$, array);
+    $$ = abc_pushbyte($$, 0);
+    $$ = abc_setlocal($$, it);
+
+    code_t*loopstart = $$ = abc_label($$);
+    
+    $$ = abc_hasnext2($$, array, it);
+    code_t*myif = $$ = abc_iffalse($$, 0);
+    $$ = abc_getlocal($$, array);
+    $$ = abc_getlocal($$, it);
+    if(!$1.each)
+        $$ = abc_nextname($$);
+    else
+        $$ = abc_nextvalue($$);
+    $$ = converttype($$, 0, var->type);
+    $$ = abc_setlocal($$, var->index);
+
+    $$ = code_append($$, $6);
+    $$ = abc_jump($$, loopstart);
+    
+    code_t*out = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    breakjumpsto($$, $1.name, out);
+    continuejumpsto($$, $1.name, loopstart);
+    
+    myif->branch = out;
+
+    $$ = var_block($$);
+
+    free(tmp1name);
+    free(tmp2name);
+
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+WHILE : T_WHILE '(' {PASS12 new_state();} EXPRESSION ')' CODEBLOCK {
+
+    $$ = code_new();
+
+    code_t*myjmp = $$ = abc_jump($$, 0);
+    code_t*loopstart = $$ = abc_label($$);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $6);
+    code_t*cont = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    myjmp->branch = cont;
+    $$ = code_append($$, $4.c);
+    $$ = abc_iftrue($$, loopstart);
+    code_t*out = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    breakjumpsto($$, $1, out);
+    continuejumpsto($$, $1, cont);
+
+    $$ = var_block($$);
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+DO_WHILE : T_DO {PASS12 new_state();} CODEBLOCK "while" '(' EXPRESSION ')' {
+    $$ = code_new();
+    code_t*loopstart = $$ = abc_label($$);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $3);
+    code_t*cont = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $6.c);
+    $$ = abc_iftrue($$, loopstart);
+    code_t*out = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    breakjumpsto($$, $1, out);
+    continuejumpsto($$, $1, cont);
+    
+    $$ = var_block($$);
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+BREAK : "break" %prec prec_none {
+    $$ = abc___break__(0, "");
+}
+BREAK : "break" T_IDENTIFIER {
+    $$ = abc___break__(0, $2);
+}
+CONTINUE : "continue" %prec prec_none {
+    $$ = abc___continue__(0, "");
+}
+CONTINUE : "continue" T_IDENTIFIER {
+    $$ = abc___continue__(0, $2);
+}
+
+MAYBE_CASE_LIST :           {$$=0;}
+MAYBE_CASE_LIST : CASE_LIST {$$=$1;}
+MAYBE_CASE_LIST : DEFAULT   {$$=$1;}
+MAYBE_CASE_LIST : CASE_LIST DEFAULT {$$=code_append($1,$2);}
+CASE_LIST: CASE             {$$=$1;}
+CASE_LIST: CASE_LIST CASE   {$$=code_append($$,$2);}
+
+CASE: "case" E ':' MAYBECODE {
+    $$ = abc_getlocal(0, state->switch_var);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $2.c);
+    code_t*j = $$ = abc_ifne($$, 0);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $4);
+    if($$->opcode != OPCODE___BREAK__) {
+        $$ = abc___fallthrough__($$, "");
+    }
+    code_t*e = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+    j->branch = e;
+}
+DEFAULT: "default" ':' MAYBECODE {
+    $$ = $3;
+}
+SWITCH : T_SWITCH '(' {PASS12 new_state();state->switch_var=alloc_local();} E ')' '{' MAYBE_CASE_LIST '}' {
+    $$=$4.c;
+    $$ = abc_setlocal($$, state->switch_var);
+    $$ = code_append($$, $7);
+
+    code_t*out = $$ = abc_kill($$, state->switch_var);
+    breakjumpsto($$, $1, out);
+    
+    code_t*c = $$,*lastblock=0;
+    while(c) {
+        if(c->opcode == OPCODE_IFNE) {
+            if(!c->next) syntaxerror("internal error in fallthrough handling");
+            lastblock=c->next;
+        } else if(c->opcode == OPCODE___FALLTHROUGH__) {
+            if(lastblock) {
+                c->opcode = OPCODE_JUMP;
+                c->branch = lastblock;
+            } else {
+                /* fall through end of switch */
+                c->opcode = OPCODE_NOP;
+            }
+        }
+        c=c->prev;
+    }
+   
+    $$ = var_block($$);
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+/* ------------ try / catch /finally ---------------- */
+
+CATCH: "catch" '(' T_IDENTIFIER MAYBETYPE ')' {PASS12 new_state();
+                                                      state->exception_name=$3;
+                                               PASS1 new_variable($3, 0, 0, 0);
+                                               PASS2 new_variable($3, $4, 0, 0);
+                                              } 
+        '{' MAYBECODE '}' {
+    namespace_t name_ns = {ACCESS_PACKAGE, ""};
+    multiname_t name = {QNAME, &name_ns, 0, $3};
+    
+    NEW(abc_exception_t, e)
+    e->exc_type = sig2mname($4);
+    e->var_name = multiname_clone(&name);
+    $$ = e;
+
+    code_t*c = 0;
+    int i = find_variable_safe(state, $3)->index;
+    e->target = c = abc_nop(0);
+    c = abc_setlocal(c, i);
+    c = code_append(c, code_dup(state->method->scope_code));
+    c = code_append(c, $8);
+    c = abc_kill(c, i);
+
+    c = var_block(c);
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+FINALLY: "finally" '{' {PASS12 new_state();state->exception_name=0;} MAYBECODE '}' {
+    $4 = var_block($4);
+    if(!$4) {
+        $$=0;
+    } else {
+        NEW(abc_exception_t, e)
+        e->exc_type = 0; //all exceptions
+        e->var_name = 0; //no name
+        e->target = 0;
+        e->to = abc_nop(0);
+        e->to = code_append(e->to, $4);
+        $$ = e;
+    }
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+CATCH_LIST: CATCH {$$.l=list_new();$$.finally=0;list_append($$.l,$1);}
+CATCH_LIST: CATCH_LIST CATCH {$$=$1;list_append($$.l,$2);}
+CATCH_FINALLY_LIST: CATCH_LIST {$$=$1;}
+CATCH_FINALLY_LIST: CATCH_LIST FINALLY {
+    $$ = $1;
+    $$.finally = 0;
+    if($2) {
+        list_append($$.l,$2);
+        $$.finally = $2->to;$2->to=0;
+    }
+}
+CATCH_FINALLY_LIST: FINALLY {
+    $$.l=list_new();
+    $$.finally = 0;
+    if($1) {
+        list_append($$.l,$1);
+        $$.finally = $1->to;$1->to=0;
+    }
+}
+
+TRY : "try" '{' {PASS12 new_state();
+                 state->method->has_exceptions=1;
+                 state->method->late_binding=1;//for invariant scope_code
+                } MAYBECODE '}' CATCH_FINALLY_LIST {
+    code_t*out = abc_nop(0);
+
+    code_t*start = abc_nop(0);
+    $$ = code_append(start, $4);
+    if(!is_break_or_jump($4)) {
+        $$ = abc_jump($$, out);
+    }
+    code_t*end = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+  
+    int tmp;
+    if($6.finally)
+        tmp = new_variable("__finally__", 0, 0, 0);
+    
+    abc_exception_list_t*l = $6.l;
+    int count=0;
+    while(l) {
+        abc_exception_t*e = l->abc_exception;
+        if(e->var_name) {
+            $$ = code_append($$, e->target);
+            $$ = abc_jump($$, out);
+        } else {
+            parserassert((ptroff_t)$6.finally);
+            // finally block
+            e->target = $$ = abc_nop($$);
+            $$ = code_append($$, code_dup(state->method->scope_code));
+            $$ = abc___rethrow__($$);
+        }
+        
+        e->from = start;
+        e->to = end;
+
+        l = l->next;
+    }
+    $$ = code_append($$, out);
+
+    $$ = insert_finally($$, $6.finally, tmp);
+        
+    list_concat(state->method->exceptions, $6.l);
+   
+    $$ = var_block($$);
+    PASS12 old_state();
+}
+
+/* ------------ throw ------------------------------- */
+
+THROW : "throw" EXPRESSION {
+    $$=$2.c;
+    $$=abc_throw($$);
+}
+THROW : "throw" %prec prec_none {
+    if(!state->exception_name)
+        syntaxerror("re-throw only possible within a catch block");
+    variable_t*v = find_variable(state, state->exception_name);
+    $$=code_new();
+    $$=abc_getlocal($$, v->index);
+    $$=abc_throw($$);
+}
+
+/* ------------ with -------------------------------- */
+
+WITH_HEAD : "with" '(' EXPRESSION ')' {
+     new_state();
+     if(state->method->has_exceptions) {
+         int v = alloc_local();
+         state->method->scope_code = abc_getlocal(state->method->scope_code, v);
+         state->method->scope_code = abc_pushwith(state->method->scope_code);
+         $$.number = v;
+     }
+     $$.cc = $3.c;
+} 
+WITH : WITH_HEAD CODEBLOCK {
+     /* remove getlocal;pushwith from scope code again */
+     state->method->scope_code = code_cutlast(code_cutlast(state->method->scope_code));
+
+     $$ = $1.cc;
+     if(state->method->has_exceptions) {
+         $$ = abc_dup($$);
+         $$ = abc_setlocal($$, $1.number);
+     }
+     $$ = abc_pushwith($$);
+     $$ = code_append($$, $2);
+     $$ = abc_popscope($$);
+     old_state();
+}
+
+/* ------------ packages and imports ---------------- */
+
+X_IDENTIFIER: T_IDENTIFIER
+            | "package" {PASS12 $$="package";}
+            | T_NAMESPACE {PASS12 $$=$1;}
+
+PACKAGE: PACKAGE '.' X_IDENTIFIER {PASS12 $$ = concat3($1,".",$3);free($1);$1=0;}
+PACKAGE: X_IDENTIFIER             {PASS12 $$=strdup($1);}
+
+PACKAGE_DECLARATION : "package" PACKAGE '{' {PASS12 startpackage($2);free($2);$2=0;}
+                                MAYBE_INPACKAGE_CODE_LIST '}' {PASS12 endpackage();$$=0;}
+PACKAGE_DECLARATION : "package" '{' {PASS12 startpackage("");} 
+                                MAYBE_INPACKAGE_CODE_LIST '}' {PASS12 endpackage();$$=0;}
+
+%code {
+    static void state_has_imports()
+    {
+        state->wildcard_imports = list_clone(state->wildcard_imports);
+        state->imports = dict_clone(state->imports);
+        state->has_own_imports = 1;
+    }
+    static void import_toplevel(const char*package)
+    {
+        char* s = strdup(package);
+        while(1) {
+            dict_put(state->import_toplevel_packages, s, 0);
+            char*x = strrchr(s, '.');
+            if(!x)
+                break;
+            *x = 0;
+        }
+        free(s);
+    }
+};
+IMPORT : "import" PACKAGEANDCLASS {
+       PASS12
+       slotinfo_t*s = registry_find($2->package, $2->name);
+       if(!s && as3_pass==1) {// || !(s->flags&FLAG_BUILTIN)) {
+           as3_schedule_class($2->package, $2->name);
+       }
+       classinfo_t*c = $2;
+       if(!c) 
+            syntaxerror("Couldn't import class\n");
+       state_has_imports();
+       dict_put(state->imports, c->name, c);
+       import_toplevel(c->package);
+       $$=0;
+}
+IMPORT : "import" PACKAGE '.' '*' {
+       PASS12
+       if(strncmp("flash.", $2, 6) && as3_pass==1) {
+           as3_schedule_package($2);
+       }
+
+       NEW(import_t,i);
+       i->package = $2;
+       state_has_imports();
+       list_append(state->wildcard_imports, i);
+       import_toplevel(i->package);
+       $$=0;
+}
+
+/* ------------ classes and interfaces (header) -------------- */
+
+MAYBE_MODIFIERS : %prec above_function {PASS12 $$.flags=0;$$.ns=0;}
+MAYBE_MODIFIERS : MODIFIER_LIST        {PASS12 $$=$1;}
+MODIFIER_LIST : MODIFIER               {PASS12 $$=$1;}
+MODIFIER_LIST : MODIFIER_LIST MODIFIER {
+    PASS12 
+    $$.flags=$1.flags|$2.flags;
+    if($1.ns && $2.ns) syntaxerror("only one namespace allowed in one declaration");
+    $$.ns=$1.ns?$1.ns:$2.ns;
+
+}
+MODIFIER : KW_PUBLIC {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_PUBLIC;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_PRIVATE {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_PRIVATE;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_PROTECTED {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_PROTECTED;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_STATIC {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_STATIC;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_DYNAMIC {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_DYNAMIC;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_FINAL {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_FINAL;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_OVERRIDE {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_OVERRIDE;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_NATIVE {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_NATIVE;$$.ns=0;}
+         | KW_INTERNAL {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL;$$.ns=0;}
+         | T_NAMESPACE {PASS12 $$.flags=FLAG_NAMESPACE;
+                               $$.ns=$1;
+                       }
+
+EXTENDS : {PASS12 $$=0;}
+EXTENDS : KW_EXTENDS CLASS_SPEC {PASS12 $$=$2;}
+
+EXTENDS_LIST : {PASS12 $$=list_new();}
+EXTENDS_LIST : KW_EXTENDS CLASS_SPEC_LIST {PASS12 $$=$2;}
+
+IMPLEMENTS_LIST : {PASS12 $$=list_new();}
+IMPLEMENTS_LIST : KW_IMPLEMENTS CLASS_SPEC_LIST {PASS12 $$=$2;}
+
+CLASS_DECLARATION : MAYBE_MODIFIERS "class" T_IDENTIFIER 
+                              EXTENDS IMPLEMENTS_LIST 
+                              '{' {PASS12 startclass(&$1,$3,$4,$5);} 
+                              MAYBE_CLASS_BODY 
+                              '}' {PASS12 endclass();$$=0;}
+
+INTERFACE_DECLARATION : MAYBE_MODIFIERS "interface" T_IDENTIFIER 
+                              EXTENDS_LIST 
+                              '{' {PASS12 $1.flags|=FLAG_INTERFACE;
+                                          startclass(&$1,$3,0,$4);}
+                              MAYBE_INTERFACE_BODY 
+                              '}' {PASS12 endclass();$$=0;}
+
+/* ------------ classes and interfaces (body) -------------- */
+
+MAYBE_CLASS_BODY : 
+MAYBE_CLASS_BODY : CLASS_BODY
+CLASS_BODY : CLASS_BODY_ITEM
+CLASS_BODY : CLASS_BODY CLASS_BODY_ITEM
+CLASS_BODY_ITEM : ';'
+CLASS_BODY_ITEM : CONDITIONAL_COMPILATION '{' MAYBE_CLASS_BODY '}' {PASS_ALWAYS as3_pass=$1;}
+CLASS_BODY_ITEM : SLOT_DECLARATION
+CLASS_BODY_ITEM : FUNCTION_DECLARATION
+
+CLASS_BODY_ITEM : CODE_STATEMENT {
+    code_t*c = state->cls->static_init->header;
+    c = code_append(c, $1);  
+    state->cls->static_init->header = c;
+}
+
+MAYBE_INTERFACE_BODY : 
+MAYBE_INTERFACE_BODY : INTERFACE_BODY
+INTERFACE_BODY : IDECLARATION
+INTERFACE_BODY : INTERFACE_BODY IDECLARATION
+IDECLARATION : ';'
+IDECLARATION : "var" T_IDENTIFIER {
+    syntaxerror("variable declarations not allowed in interfaces");
+}
+IDECLARATION : MAYBE_MODIFIERS "function" GETSET T_IDENTIFIER '(' MAYBE_PARAM_LIST ')' MAYBETYPE {
+    PASS12
+    $1.flags |= FLAG_PUBLIC;
+    if($1.flags&(FLAG_PRIVATE|FLAG_PACKAGEINTERNAL|FLAG_PROTECTED)) {
+        syntaxerror("invalid method modifiers: interface methods always need to be public");
+    }
+    startfunction(&$1,$3,$4,&$6,$8);
+    endfunction(&$1,$3,$4,&$6,$8, 0);
+    list_deep_free($6.list);
+}
+
+/* ------------ classes and interfaces (body, slots ) ------- */
+
+%code {
+    static int slotstate_varconst = 0;
+    static modifiers_t*slotstate_flags = 0;
+    static void setslotstate(modifiers_t* flags, int varconst)
+    {
+        slotstate_varconst = varconst;
+        slotstate_flags = flags;
+        if(state->cls) {
+            if(flags && flags->flags&FLAG_STATIC) {
+                state->method = state->cls->static_init;
+            } else {
+                state->method = state->cls->init;
+            }
+        } else {
+            parserassert(state->method);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+VARCONST: "var" | "const"
+
+SLOT_DECLARATION: MAYBE_MODIFIERS VARCONST {PASS12 setslotstate(&$1,$2);} SLOT_LIST {PASS12 $$=$4;setslotstate(0, 0);}
+
+SLOT_LIST: ONE_SLOT               {PASS12 $$=0;}
+SLOT_LIST: SLOT_LIST ',' ONE_SLOT {PASS12 $$=0;}
+
+ONE_SLOT: T_IDENTIFIER MAYBETYPE MAYBEEXPRESSION
+{
+PASS12
+    int flags = slotstate_flags->flags;
+    namespace_t ns = modifiers2access(slotstate_flags);
+
+    if(as3_pass == 1) {
+
+        varinfo_t* info = 0;
+        if(state->cls) {
+            memberinfo_t*i = registry_findmember(state->cls->info, ns.name, $1, 1);
+            if(i) {
+                check_override(i, flags);
+            }
+            info = varinfo_register_onclass(state->cls->info, ns.access, ns.name, $1);
+        } else {
+            slotinfo_t*i = registry_find(state->package, $1);
+            if(i) {
+                syntaxerror("package %s already contains '%s'", state->package, $1);
+            }
+            if(ns.name && ns.name[0]) {
+                syntaxerror("namespaces not allowed on package-level variables");
+            }
+            info = varinfo_register_global(ns.access, state->package, $1);
+        }
+
+        info->type = $2;
+        info->flags = flags;
+        
+        dict_put(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount, info);
+    }
+
+    if(as3_pass == 2) {
+        varinfo_t*info = dict_lookup(global->token2info, (void*)(ptroff_t)as3_tokencount);
+
+        /* slot name */
+        multiname_t mname = {QNAME, &ns, 0, $1};
+      
+        trait_list_t**traits;
+        code_t**code;
+        if(!state->cls) {
+            // global variable
+            ns.name = state->package;
+            traits = &global->init->traits;
+            code = &global->init->method->body->code;
+        } else if(flags&FLAG_STATIC) {
+            // static variable
+            traits = &state->cls->abc->static_traits;
+            code = &state->cls->static_init->header;
+        } else {
+            // instance variable
+            traits = &state->cls->abc->traits;
+            code = &state->cls->init->header;
+        }
+        
+        trait_t*t=0;
+        if($2) {
+            MULTINAME(m, $2);
+            t = trait_new_member(traits, multiname_clone(&m), multiname_clone(&mname), 0);
+        } else {
+            t = trait_new_member(traits, 0, multiname_clone(&mname), 0);
+        }
+        info->slot = t->slot_id;
+        
+        /* initalization code (if needed) */
+        code_t*c = 0;
+        if($3.c && !is_pushundefined($3.c)) {
+            c = abc_getlocal_0(c);
+            c = code_append(c, $3.c);
+            c = converttype(c, $3.t, $2);
+            c = abc_setslot(c, t->slot_id);
+        }
+
+        *code = code_append(*code, c);
+
+        if(slotstate_varconst==KW_CONST) {
+            t->kind= TRAIT_CONST;
+        }
+    }
+
+    $$=0;
+}
+
+/* ------------ constants -------------------------------------- */
+
+MAYBECONSTANT: {$$=0;}
+MAYBECONSTANT: '=' CONSTANT {$$=$2;}
+
+//CONSTANT : T_NAMESPACE {$$ = constant_new_namespace($1);}
+CONSTANT : T_INT {$$ = constant_new_int($1);}
+CONSTANT : T_UINT {
+    $$ = constant_new_uint($1);
+}
+CONSTANT : T_FLOAT {$$ = constant_new_float($1);}
+CONSTANT : T_STRING {$$ = constant_new_string2($1.str,$1.len);free((char*)$1.str);}
+CONSTANT : "true" {$$ = constant_new_true($1);}
+CONSTANT : "false" {$$ = constant_new_false($1);}
+CONSTANT : "null" {$$ = constant_new_null($1);}
+CONSTANT : "undefined" {$$ = constant_new_undefined($1);}
+CONSTANT : KW_NAN {$$ = constant_new_float(__builtin_nan(""));}
+
+/*
+CONSTANT : T_IDENTIFIER {
+    if(!strcmp($1, "NaN")) {
+        $$ = constant_new_float(__builtin_nan(""));
+    } else {
+        as3_warning("Couldn't evaluate constant value of %s", $1);
+        $$ = constant_new_null($1);
+    }
+}*/
+
+/* ------------ classes and interfaces (body, functions) ------- */
+
+// non-vararg version
+MAYBE_PARAM_LIST: {
+    PASS12
+    memset(&$$,0,sizeof($$));
+}
+MAYBE_PARAM_LIST: PARAM_LIST {
+    PASS12
+    $$=$1;
+}
+
+// vararg version
+MAYBE_PARAM_LIST: "..." PARAM {
+    PASS12
+    memset(&$$,0,sizeof($$));
+    $$.varargs=1;
+    list_append($$.list, $2);
+}
+MAYBE_PARAM_LIST: PARAM_LIST ',' "..." PARAM {
+    PASS12
+    $$ =$1;
+    $$.varargs=1;
+    list_append($$.list, $4);
+}
+
+// non empty
+PARAM_LIST: PARAM_LIST ',' PARAM {
+    PASS12
+    $$ = $1;
+    list_append($$.list, $3);
+}
+PARAM_LIST: PARAM {
+    PASS12
+    memset(&$$,0,sizeof($$));
+    list_append($$.list, $1);
+}
+
+PARAM:  T_IDENTIFIER ':' TYPE MAYBECONSTANT {
+     PASS12
+     $$ = rfx_calloc(sizeof(param_t));
+     $$->name=$1;
+     $$->type = $3;
+     PASS2
+     $$->value = $4;
+}
+PARAM:  T_IDENTIFIER MAYBECONSTANT {
+     PASS12
+     $$ = rfx_calloc(sizeof(param_t));
+     $$->name=$1;
+     $$->type = TYPE_ANY;
+     PASS2
+     $$->value = $2;
+}
+GETSET : "get"
+       | "set"
+       | {PASS12 $$=0;}
+
+FUNCTION_DECLARATION: MAYBE_MODIFIERS "function" GETSET T_IDENTIFIER '(' MAYBE_PARAM_LIST ')' 
+                      MAYBETYPE '{' {PASS12 startfunction(&$1,$3,$4,&$6,$8);} MAYBECODE '}' 
+{
+    PASS1 
+    endfunction(&$1,$3,$4,&$6,0,0);
+    PASS2
+    if(!state->method->info) syntaxerror("internal error");
+    
+    code_t*c = method_header(state->method);
+    c = wrap_function(c, 0, $11);
+
+    endfunction(&$1,$3,$4,&$6,$8,c);
+    PASS12
+    list_deep_free($6.list);
+    $$=0;
+}
+
+MAYBE_IDENTIFIER: T_IDENTIFIER
+MAYBE_IDENTIFIER: {PASS12 $$=0;}
+INNERFUNCTION: "function" MAYBE_IDENTIFIER '(' MAYBE_PARAM_LIST ')' MAYBETYPE 
+               '{' {PASS12 innerfunction($2,&$4,$6);} MAYBECODE '}'
+{
+    PASS1
+    endfunction(0,0,$2,&$4,0,0);
+    PASS2
+    methodinfo_t*f = state->method->info;
+    if(!f || !f->kind) syntaxerror("internal error");
+    
+    code_t*c = method_header(state->method);
+    c = wrap_function(c, 0, $9);
+
+    int index = state->method->var_index;
+    endfunction(0,0,$2,&$4,$6,c);
+    
+    $$.c = abc_getlocal(0, index);
+    $$.t = TYPE_FUNCTION(f);
+
+    PASS12 list_deep_free($4.list);
+}
+
+
+/* ------------- package + class ids --------------- */
+
+CLASS: X_IDENTIFIER {
+    PASS1 NEW(unresolvedinfo_t,c);
+          memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
+          c->kind = INFOTYPE_UNRESOLVED;
+          c->name = $1;
+          c->package = get_package_from_name($1);
+          if(!c->package) {
+              c->nsset = get_current_imports();
+              /* make the compiler look for this class in the current directory,
+                 just in case: */
+              as3_schedule_class_noerror(state->package, $1);
+          }
+          $$ = (classinfo_t*)c;
+    PASS2
+    slotinfo_t*s = find_class($1);
+    if(!s) syntaxerror("Could not find class/method %s (current package: %s)\n", $1, state->package);
+    $$ = (classinfo_t*)s;
+}
+
+PACKAGEANDCLASS : PACKAGE '.' X_IDENTIFIER {
+    PASS1 NEW(unresolvedinfo_t,c);
+          memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
+          c->kind = INFOTYPE_UNRESOLVED;
+          c->package = $1;
+          c->name = $3;
+          $$ = (classinfo_t*)c;
+    PASS2
+    slotinfo_t*s = registry_find($1, $3);
+    if(!s) syntaxerror("Couldn't find class/method %s.%s\n", $1, $3);
+    free($1);$1=0;
+    $$ = (classinfo_t*)s;
+}
+
+CLASS_SPEC: PACKAGEANDCLASS
+          | CLASS
+
+CLASS_SPEC_LIST : CLASS_SPEC {PASS12 $$=list_new();list_append($$, $1);}
+CLASS_SPEC_LIST : CLASS_SPEC_LIST ',' CLASS_SPEC {PASS12 $$=$1;list_append($$,$3);}
+
+TYPE : CLASS_SPEC {PASS12 $$=$1;}
+     | '*'        {PASS12 $$=registry_getanytype();}
+     | "void"     {PASS12 $$=registry_getanytype();}
+    /*
+     |  "String"  {$$=registry_getstringclass();}
+     |  "int"     {$$=registry_getintclass();}
+     |  "uint"    {$$=registry_getuintclass();}
+     |  "Boolean" {$$=registry_getbooleanclass();}
+     |  "Number"  {$$=registry_getnumberclass();}
+    */
+
+MAYBETYPE: ':' TYPE {PASS12 $$=$2;}
+MAYBETYPE:          {PASS12 $$=0;}
+
+/* ----------function calls, delete, constructor calls ------ */
+
+MAYBE_PARAM_VALUES :  %prec prec_none {$$.cc=0;$$.number=0;}
+MAYBE_PARAM_VALUES : '(' MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST ')' {$$=$2;}
+
+MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST : {$$.cc=0;$$.number=0;}
+MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST : EXPRESSION_LIST
+MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST : EXPRESSION_LIST_AND_COMMA
+
+EXPRESSION_LIST : NONCOMMAEXPRESSION             {$$.number=1;
+                                                  $$.cc = $1.c;
+                                                 }
+
+EXPRESSION_LIST_AND_COMMA: EXPRESSION_LIST ',' {$$ = $1;}
+EXPRESSION_LIST : EXPRESSION_LIST_AND_COMMA NONCOMMAEXPRESSION {
+                                                  $$.number= $1.number+1;
+                                                  $$.cc = code_append($1.cc, $2.c);
+                                                  }
+               
+XX : %prec new2
+NEW : "new" E XX MAYBE_PARAM_VALUES {
+    $$.c = $2.c;
+    if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_COERCE_A) $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+    
+    code_t*paramcode = $4.cc;
+    if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_GETPROPERTY) {
+        multiname_t*name = $$.c->data[0];$$.c->data[0]=0;
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+        $$.c = code_append($$.c, paramcode);
+        $$.c = abc_constructprop2($$.c, name, $4.number);
+        multiname_destroy(name);
+    } else if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_GETSLOT) {
+        int slot = (int)(ptroff_t)$$.c->data[0];
+        trait_t*t = traits_find_slotid(state->cls->abc->traits,slot);//FIXME
+        multiname_t*name = t->name;
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+        $$.c = code_append($$.c, paramcode);
+        $$.c = abc_constructprop2($$.c, name, $4.number);
+    } else {
+        $$.c = code_append($$.c, paramcode);
+        $$.c = abc_construct($$.c, $4.number);
+    }
+   
+    $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+    if(TYPE_IS_CLASS($2.t) && $2.t->data) {
+        $$.t = $2.t->data;
+    } else {
+        $$.c = abc_coerce_a($$.c);
+        $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+    }
+}
+
+/* TODO: use abc_call (for calling local variables),
+         abc_callstatic (for calling own methods) 
+         call (for closures)
+*/
+FUNCTIONCALL : E '(' MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST ')' {
+    
+    $$.c = $1.c;
+    if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_COERCE_A) {
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+    }
+    code_t*paramcode = $3.cc;
+
+    $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+    if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_GETPROPERTY) {
+        multiname_t*name = $$.c->data[0];$$.c->data[0]=0;
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+        $$.c = code_append($$.c, paramcode);
+        $$.c = abc_callproperty2($$.c, name, $3.number);
+        multiname_destroy(name);
+    } else if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_GETSLOT && $$.c->prev->opcode != OPCODE_GETSCOPEOBJECT) {
+        int slot = (int)(ptroff_t)$$.c->data[0];
+        trait_t*t = traits_find_slotid(state->cls->abc->traits,slot);
+        if(t->kind!=TRAIT_METHOD) {
+            //ok: flash allows to assign closures to members.
+        }
+        multiname_t*name = t->name;
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+        $$.c = code_append($$.c, paramcode);
+        //$$.c = abc_callmethod($$.c, t->method, len); //#1051 illegal early access binding
+        $$.c = abc_callproperty2($$.c, name, $3.number);
+    } else if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_GETSUPER) {
+        multiname_t*name = $$.c->data[0];$$.c->data[0]=0;
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+        $$.c = code_append($$.c, paramcode);
+        $$.c = abc_callsuper2($$.c, name, $3.number);
+        multiname_destroy(name);
+    } else {
+        $$.c = abc_getglobalscope($$.c);
+        $$.c = code_append($$.c, paramcode);
+        $$.c = abc_call($$.c, $3.number);
+    }
+   
+    if(TYPE_IS_FUNCTION($1.t) && $1.t->data) {
+        $$.t = ((methodinfo_t*)($1.t->data))->return_type;
+    } else {
+        $$.c = abc_coerce_a($$.c);
+        $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+    }
+}
+
+FUNCTIONCALL : "super" '(' MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST ')' {
+    if(!state->cls) syntaxerror("super() not allowed outside of a class");
+    if(!state->method) syntaxerror("super() not allowed outside of a function");
+    if(!state->method->is_constructor) syntaxerror("super() not allowed outside of a constructor");
+
+    $$.c = code_new();
+    $$.c = abc_getlocal_0($$.c);
+
+    $$.c = code_append($$.c, $3.cc);
+    /*
+    this is dependent on the control path, check this somewhere else
+    if(state->method->has_super)
+        syntaxerror("constructor may call super() only once");
+    */
+    state->method->has_super = 1;
+
+    $$.c = abc_constructsuper($$.c, $3.number);
+    $$.c = abc_pushundefined($$.c);
+    $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+}
+
+DELETE: "delete" E {
+    $$.c = $2.c;
+    if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_COERCE_A) {
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+    }
+    multiname_t*name = 0;
+    if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_GETPROPERTY) {
+        $$.c->opcode = OPCODE_DELETEPROPERTY;
+    } else if($$.c->opcode == OPCODE_GETSLOT) {
+        int slot = (int)(ptroff_t)$$.c->data[0];
+        multiname_t*name = traits_find_slotid(state->cls->abc->traits,slot)->name;
+        $$.c = code_cutlast($$.c);
+        $$.c = abc_deleteproperty2($$.c, name);
+    } else {
+        $$.c = abc_getlocal_0($$.c);
+        MULTINAME_LATE(m, $2.t?$2.t->access:ACCESS_PACKAGE, "");
+        $$.c = abc_deleteproperty2($$.c, &m);
+    }
+    $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+}
+
+RETURN: "return" %prec prec_none {
+    $$ = abc_returnvoid(0);
+}
+RETURN: "return" EXPRESSION {
+    $$ = $2.c;
+    $$ = abc_returnvalue($$);
+}
+
+// ----------------------- expression types -------------------------------------
+
+NONCOMMAEXPRESSION : E        %prec below_minus {$$=$1;}
+EXPRESSION : E                %prec below_minus {$$ = $1;}
+EXPRESSION : EXPRESSION ',' E %prec below_minus {
+    $$.c = $1.c;
+    $$.c = cut_last_push($$.c);
+    $$.c = code_append($$.c,$3.c);
+    $$.t = $3.t;
+}
+VOIDEXPRESSION : EXPRESSION %prec below_minus {
+    $$=cut_last_push($1.c);
+}
+
+// ----------------------- expression evaluation -------------------------------------
+
+E : INNERFUNCTION %prec prec_none {$$ = $1;}
+E : VAR_READ %prec T_IDENTIFIER   {$$ = $1;}
+E : NEW                           {$$ = $1;}
+E : DELETE                        {$$ = $1;}
+
+E : FUNCTIONCALL
+
+E : CONSTANT {
+    node_t*n = mkconstnode($1);
+    $$ = node_read(n);
+}
+
+E : T_REGEXP {
+    $$.c = 0;
+    namespace_t ns = {ACCESS_PACKAGE, ""};
+    multiname_t m = {QNAME, &ns, 0, "RegExp"};
+    if(!$1.options) {
+        $$.c = abc_getlex2($$.c, &m);
+        $$.c = abc_pushstring($$.c, $1.pattern);
+        $$.c = abc_construct($$.c, 1);
+    } else {
+        $$.c = abc_getlex2($$.c, &m);
+        $$.c = abc_pushstring($$.c, $1.pattern);
+        $$.c = abc_pushstring($$.c, $1.options);
+        $$.c = abc_construct($$.c, 2);
+    }
+    $$.t = TYPE_REGEXP;
+}
+
+E : E '<' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_greaterequals($$.c);$$.c=abc_not($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+            }
+E : E '>' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_greaterthan($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+            }
+E : E "<=" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_greaterthan($$.c);$$.c=abc_not($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+E : E ">=" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_greaterequals($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+E : E "==" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_equals($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+E : E "===" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_strictequals($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+              }
+E : E "!==" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_strictequals($$.c);$$.c = abc_not($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+E : E "!=" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);$$.c = abc_equals($$.c);$$.c = abc_not($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+
+E : E "||" E {$$.t = join_types($1.t, $3.t, 'O');
+              $$.c = $1.c;
+              $$.c = converttype($$.c, $1.t, $$.t);
+              $$.c = abc_dup($$.c);
+              code_t*jmp = $$.c = abc_iftrue($$.c, 0);
+              $$.c = cut_last_push($$.c);
+              $$.c = code_append($$.c,$3.c);
+              $$.c = converttype($$.c, $3.t, $$.t);
+              code_t*label = $$.c = abc_label($$.c);
+              jmp->branch = label;
+             }
+E : E "&&" E {
+              $$.t = join_types($1.t, $3.t, 'A');
+              /*printf("%08x:\n",$1.t);
+              code_dump($1.c, 0, 0, "", stdout);
+              printf("%08x:\n",$3.t);
+              code_dump($3.c, 0, 0, "", stdout);
+              printf("joining %08x and %08x to %08x\n", $1.t, $3.t, $$.t);*/
+              $$.c = $1.c;
+              $$.c = converttype($$.c, $1.t, $$.t);
+              $$.c = abc_dup($$.c);
+              code_t*jmp = $$.c = abc_iffalse($$.c, 0);
+              $$.c = cut_last_push($$.c);
+              $$.c = code_append($$.c,$3.c);
+              $$.c = converttype($$.c, $3.t, $$.t);
+              code_t*label = $$.c = abc_label($$.c);
+              jmp->branch = label;              
+             }
+
+E : '!' E    {$$.c=$2.c;
+              $$.c = abc_not($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+
+E : '~' E    {$$.c=$2.c;
+              $$.c = abc_bitnot($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+             }
+
+E : E '&' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_bitand($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+            }
+
+E : E '^' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_bitxor($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+            }
+
+E : E '|' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_bitor($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+            }
+
+E : E ">>" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_rshift($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+            }
+E : E ">>>" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_urshift($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+            }
+E : E "<<" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_lshift($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+            }
+
+E : E '/' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_divide($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_NUMBER;
+            }
+E : E '%' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             $$.c = abc_modulo($$.c);
+             $$.t = TYPE_NUMBER;
+            }
+E : E '+' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             if(BOTH_INT($1.t, $3.t)) {
+                $$.c = abc_add_i($$.c);
+                $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+             } else {
+                $$.c = abc_add($$.c);
+                $$.t = join_types($1.t,$3.t,'+');
+             }
+            }
+E : E '-' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             if(BOTH_INT($1.t,$3.t)) {
+                $$.c = abc_subtract_i($$.c);
+                $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+             } else {
+                $$.c = abc_subtract($$.c);
+                $$.t = TYPE_NUMBER;
+             }
+            }
+E : E '*' E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+             if(BOTH_INT($1.t,$3.t)) {
+                $$.c = abc_multiply_i($$.c);
+                $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+             } else {
+                $$.c = abc_multiply($$.c);
+                $$.t = TYPE_NUMBER;
+             }
+            }
+
+E : E "in" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c,$3.c);
+              $$.c = abc_in($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+
+E : E "as" E {char use_astype=0; // flash player's astype works differently than astypelate
+              if(use_astype && TYPE_IS_CLASS($3.t) && $3.t->data) {
+                MULTINAME(m, (classinfo_t*)($3.t->data));
+                $$.c = abc_astype2($1.c, &m);
+                $$.t = $3.t->data;
+              } else {
+                $$.c = code_append($1.c, $3.c);
+                $$.c = abc_astypelate($$.c);
+                $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+              }
+             }
+
+E : E "instanceof" E 
+             {$$.c = code_append($1.c, $3.c);
+              $$.c = abc_instanceof($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+
+E : E "is" E {$$.c = code_append($1.c, $3.c);
+              $$.c = abc_istypelate($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+             }
+
+E : "typeof" '(' E ')' {
+              $$.c = $3.c;
+              $$.c = abc_typeof($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_STRING;
+             }
+
+E : "void" E {
+              $$.c = cut_last_push($2.c);
+              $$.c = abc_pushundefined($$.c);
+              $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+             }
+
+E : "void" { $$.c = abc_pushundefined(0);
+             $$.t = TYPE_ANY;
+           }
+
+E : '(' EXPRESSION ')' {$$=$2;} //allow commas in here, too
+
+E : '-' E {
+  $$.c = $2.c;
+  if(IS_INT($2.t)) {
+   $$.c=abc_negate_i($$.c);
+   $$.t = TYPE_INT;
+  } else {
+   $$.c=abc_negate($$.c);
+   $$.t = TYPE_NUMBER;
+  }
+}
+
+E : E '[' E ']' {
+  $$.c = $1.c;
+  $$.c = code_append($$.c, $3.c);
+
+  MULTINAME_LATE(m, $1.t?$1.t->access:ACCESS_PACKAGE, "");
+  $$.c = abc_getproperty2($$.c, &m);
+  $$.t = 0; // array elements have unknown type
+}
+
+E : '[' MAYBE_EXPRESSION_LIST ']' {
+    $$.c = code_new();
+    $$.c = code_append($$.c, $2.cc);
+    $$.c = abc_newarray($$.c, $2.number);
+    $$.t = registry_getarrayclass();
+}
+
+MAYBE_EXPRPAIR_LIST : {$$.cc=0;$$.number=0;}
+MAYBE_EXPRPAIR_LIST : EXPRPAIR_LIST {$$=$1;}
+
+EXPRPAIR_LIST : NONCOMMAEXPRESSION ':' NONCOMMAEXPRESSION {
+    $$.cc = 0;
+    $$.cc = code_append($$.cc, $1.c);
+    $$.cc = code_append($$.cc, $3.c);
+    $$.number = 2;
+}
+EXPRPAIR_LIST : EXPRPAIR_LIST ',' NONCOMMAEXPRESSION ':' NONCOMMAEXPRESSION {
+    $$.cc = $1.cc;
+    $$.number = $1.number+2;
+    $$.cc = code_append($$.cc, $3.c);
+    $$.cc = code_append($$.cc, $5.c);
+}
+//MAYBECOMMA: ','
+//MAYBECOMMA:
+
+E : "{ (dictionary)" MAYBE_EXPRPAIR_LIST '}' {
+    $$.c = code_new();
+    $$.c = code_append($$.c, $2.cc);
+    $$.c = abc_newobject($$.c, $2.number/2);
+    $$.t = registry_getobjectclass();
+}
+
+E : E "*=" E { 
+               code_t*c = $3.c;
+               if(BOTH_INT($1.t,$3.t)) {
+                c=abc_multiply_i(c);
+               } else {
+                c=abc_multiply(c);
+               }
+               c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, '*'), $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+
+E : E "%=" E { 
+               code_t*c = abc_modulo($3.c);
+               c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, '%'), $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E "<<=" E { 
+               code_t*c = abc_lshift($3.c);
+               c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, '<'), $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E ">>=" E { 
+               code_t*c = abc_rshift($3.c);
+               c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, '>'), $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E ">>>=" E { 
+               code_t*c = abc_urshift($3.c);
+               c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, 'U'), $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E "/=" E { 
+               code_t*c = abc_divide($3.c);
+               c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, '/'), $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E "|=" E { 
+               code_t*c = abc_bitor($3.c);
+               c=converttype(c, TYPE_INT, $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E "^=" E { 
+               code_t*c = abc_bitxor($3.c);
+               c=converttype(c, TYPE_INT, $1.t);
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E "+=" E { 
+               code_t*c = $3.c;
+
+               if(TYPE_IS_INT($1.t)) {
+                c=abc_add_i(c);
+               } else {
+                c=abc_add(c);
+                c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, '+'), $1.t);
+               }
+               
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+              }
+E : E "-=" E { code_t*c = $3.c; 
+               if(TYPE_IS_INT($1.t)) {
+                c=abc_subtract_i(c);
+               } else {
+                c=abc_subtract(c);
+                c=converttype(c, join_types($1.t, $3.t, '-'), $1.t);
+               }
+               
+               $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+               $$.t = $1.t;
+             }
+E : E '=' E { code_t*c = 0;
+              c = code_append(c, $3.c);
+              c = converttype(c, $3.t, $1.t);
+              $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 1, 0, 1);
+              $$.t = $1.t;
+            }
+
+E : E '?' E ':' E %prec below_assignment { 
+              $$.t = join_types($3.t,$5.t,'?');
+              $$.c = $1.c;
+              code_t*j1 = $$.c = abc_iffalse($$.c, 0);
+              $$.c = code_append($$.c, $3.c);
+              $$.c = converttype($$.c, $3.t, $$.t);
+              code_t*j2 = $$.c = abc_jump($$.c, 0);
+              $$.c = j1->branch = abc_label($$.c);
+              $$.c = code_append($$.c, $5.c);
+              $$.c = converttype($$.c, $5.t, $$.t);
+              $$.c = j2->branch = abc_label($$.c);
+            }
+
+E : E "++" { code_t*c = 0;
+             classinfo_t*type = $1.t;
+             if(is_getlocal($1.c) && (TYPE_IS_INT($1.t) || TYPE_IS_NUMBER($1.t))) {
+                 int nr = getlocalnr($1.c);
+                 code_free($1.c);$1.c=0;
+                 if(TYPE_IS_INT($1.t)) {
+                    $$.c = abc_getlocal(0, nr);
+                    $$.c = abc_inclocal_i($$.c, nr);
+                 } else if(TYPE_IS_NUMBER($1.t)) {
+                    $$.c = abc_getlocal(0, nr);
+                    $$.c = abc_inclocal($$.c, nr);
+                 } else syntaxerror("internal error");
+             } else {
+                 if(TYPE_IS_INT(type) || TYPE_IS_UINT(type)) {
+                     c=abc_increment_i(c);
+                     type = TYPE_INT;
+                 } else {
+                     c=abc_increment(c);
+                     type = TYPE_NUMBER;
+                 }
+                 c=converttype(c, type, $1.t);
+                 $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 1, 1);
+                 $$.t = $1.t;
+             }
+           }
+
+// TODO: use inclocal, like with ++
+E : E "--" { code_t*c = 0;
+             classinfo_t*type = $1.t;
+             if(TYPE_IS_INT(type) || TYPE_IS_UINT(type)) {
+                 c=abc_decrement_i(c);
+                 type = TYPE_INT;
+             } else {
+                 c=abc_decrement(c);
+                 type = TYPE_NUMBER;
+             }
+             c=converttype(c, type, $1.t);
+             $$.c = toreadwrite($1.c, c, 0, 1, 1);
+             $$.t = $1.t;
+            }
+
+E : "++" %prec plusplus_prefix E { code_t*c = 0;
+             classinfo_t*type = $2.t;
+             if(TYPE_IS_INT(type) || TYPE_IS_UINT(type)) {
+                 c=abc_increment_i(c);
+                 type = TYPE_INT;
+             } else {
+                 c=abc_increment(c);
+                 type = TYPE_NUMBER;
+             }
+             c=converttype(c, type, $2.t);
+             $$.c = toreadwrite($2.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+             $$.t = $2.t;
+           }
+
+E : "--" %prec minusminus_prefix E { code_t*c = 0;
+             classinfo_t*type = $2.t;
+             if(TYPE_IS_INT(type) || TYPE_IS_UINT(type)) {
+                 c=abc_decrement_i(c);
+                 type = TYPE_INT;
+             } else {
+                 c=abc_decrement(c);
+                 type = TYPE_NUMBER;
+             }
+             c=converttype(c, type, $2.t);
+             $$.c = toreadwrite($2.c, c, 0, 0, 1);
+             $$.t = $2.t;
+           }
+
+E : "super" '.' T_IDENTIFIER 
+           { if(!state->cls->info)
+                  syntaxerror("super keyword not allowed outside a class");
+              classinfo_t*t = state->cls->info->superclass;
+              if(!t) t = TYPE_OBJECT;
+
+              memberinfo_t*f = findmember_nsset(t, $3, 1);
+
+              MEMBER_MULTINAME(m, f, $3);
+              $$.c = 0;
+              $$.c = abc_getlocal_0($$.c);
+              $$.c = abc_getsuper2($$.c, &m);
+              $$.t = slotinfo_gettype((slotinfo_t*)f);
+           }
+
+E : '@' T_IDENTIFIER {
+              // attribute TODO
+              $$.c = abc_pushundefined(0);
+              $$.t = 0;
+              as3_warning("ignored @ operator");
+           }
+
+E : E '.' '@' T_IDENTIFIER {
+              // child attribute  TODO
+              $$.c = abc_pushundefined(0);
+              $$.t = 0;
+              as3_warning("ignored .@ operator");
+           }
+
+E : E '.' T_IDENTIFIER "::" T_IDENTIFIER {
+              // namespace declaration TODO
+              $$.c = abc_pushundefined(0);
+              $$.t = 0;
+              as3_warning("ignored :: operator");
+           }
+
+E : E ".." T_IDENTIFIER {
+              // descendants TODO
+              $$.c = abc_pushundefined(0);
+              $$.t = 0;
+              as3_warning("ignored .. operator");
+           }
+
+E : E '.' '(' E ')' {
+              // filter TODO
+              $$.c = abc_pushundefined(0);
+              $$.t = 0;
+              as3_warning("ignored .() operator");
+           }
+
+//E : E "::" '[' E ']' {
+//              // qualified expression TODO
+//              $$.c = abc_pushundefined(0);
+//              $$.t = 0;
+//              as3_warning("ignored ::[] operator");
+//           }
+
+
+E : E '.' T_IDENTIFIER {
+    $$.c = $1.c;
+    classinfo_t*t = $1.t;
+    char is_static = 0;
+    if(TYPE_IS_CLASS(t) && t->data) {
+        t = t->data;
+        is_static = 1;
+    }
+    if(t) {
+        if(t->subtype==INFOTYPE_UNRESOLVED) {
+            syntaxerror("syntaxerror: trying to resolve property '%s' on incomplete object '%s'", $3, t->name);
+        }
+        memberinfo_t*f = findmember_nsset(t, $3, 1);
+        char noslot = 0;
+        if(f && !is_static != !(f->flags&FLAG_STATIC))
+           noslot=1;
+        if(f && f->slot && !noslot) {
+            $$.c = abc_getslot($$.c, f->slot);
+        } else {
+            if(!f) {
+                as3_warning("Access of undefined property '%s' in %s", $3, t->name);
+            }
+            
+            MEMBER_MULTINAME(m, f, $3);
+            $$.c = abc_getproperty2($$.c, &m);
+        }
+        /* determine type */
+        $$.t = slotinfo_gettype((slotinfo_t*)f);
+        if(!$$.t)
+           $$.c = abc_coerce_a($$.c);
+    } else if($1.c && $1.c->opcode == OPCODE___PUSHPACKAGE__) {
+        string_t*package = $1.c->data[0];
+        char*package2 = concat3(package->str, ".", $3);
+
+        slotinfo_t*a = registry_find(package->str, $3);
+        if(a) {
+            $$ = push_class(a);
+        } else if(dict_contains(state->import_toplevel_packages, package2) ||
+                  registry_ispackage(package2)) {
+            $$.c = $1.c;
+            $$.c->data[0] = string_new4(package2);
+            $$.t = 0;
+        } else {
+            syntaxerror("couldn't resolve %s", package2);
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* when resolving a property on an unknown type, we do know the
+           name of the property (and don't seem to need the package), but
+           we need to make avm2 try out all access modes */
+        as3_warning("Resolving %s on unknown type", $3);
+        multiname_t m = {MULTINAME, 0, &nopackage_namespace_set, $3};
+        $$.c = abc_getproperty2($$.c, &m);
+        $$.c = abc_coerce_a($$.c);
+        $$.t = registry_getanytype();
+    }
+}
+
+VAR_READ : T_IDENTIFIER {
+    PASS1
+    /* Queue unresolved identifiers for checking against the parent
+       function's variables.
+       We consider everything which is not a local variable "unresolved".
+       This encompasses class names, members of the surrounding class
+       etc. which is *correct* because local variables of the parent function
+       would shadow those.
+       */
+    if(state->method->inner && !find_variable(state, $1)) {
+        unknown_variable($1);
+    }
+   
+    /* let the compiler know that it might want to check the current directory/package
+       for this identifier- maybe there's a file $1.as defining $1. */
+    as3_schedule_class_noerror(state->package, $1);
+    PASS2
+
+    $$.t = 0;
+    $$.c = 0;
+    slotinfo_t*a = 0;
+    memberinfo_t*f = 0;
+
+    variable_t*v;
+    /* look at variables */
+    if((v = find_variable(state, $1))) {
+        // $1 is a local variable
+        $$.c = abc_getlocal($$.c, v->index);
+        $$.t = v->type;
+        break;
+    }
+    if((v = find_slot(state, $1))) {
+        $$.c = abc_getscopeobject($$.c, 1);
+        $$.c = abc_getslot($$.c, v->index);
+        $$.t = v->type;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    int i_am_static = (state->method && state->method->info)?(state->method->info->flags&FLAG_STATIC):FLAG_STATIC;
+
+    /* look at current class' members */
+    if(!state->method->inner && 
+        state->cls && 
+        (f = findmember_nsset(state->cls->info, $1, 1)) &&
+        (f->flags&FLAG_STATIC) >= i_am_static) 
+    {
+        // $1 is a function in this class
+        int var_is_static = (f->flags&FLAG_STATIC);
+
+        if(f->kind == INFOTYPE_METHOD) {
+            $$.t = TYPE_FUNCTION(f);
+        } else {
+            $$.t = f->type;
+        }
+        if(var_is_static && !i_am_static) {
+        /* access to a static member from a non-static location.
+           do this via findpropstrict:
+           there doesn't seem to be any non-lookup way to access
+           static properties of a class */
+            state->method->late_binding = 1;
+            $$.t = f->type;
+            namespace_t ns = {f->access, f->package};
+            multiname_t m = {QNAME, &ns, 0, $1};
+            $$.c = abc_findpropstrict2($$.c, &m);
+            $$.c = abc_getproperty2($$.c, &m);
+            break;
+        } else if(f->slot>0) {
+            $$.c = abc_getlocal_0($$.c);
+            $$.c = abc_getslot($$.c, f->slot);
+            break;
+        } else {
+            namespace_t ns = {f->access, f->package};
+            multiname_t m = {QNAME, &ns, 0, $1};
+            $$.c = abc_getlocal_0($$.c);
+            $$.c = abc_getproperty2($$.c, &m);
+            break;
+        }
+    } 
+    
+    /* look at actual classes, in the current package and imported */
+    if((a = find_class($1))) {
+        $$ = push_class(a);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    /* look through package prefixes */
+    if(dict_contains(state->import_toplevel_packages, $1) || 
+       registry_ispackage($1)) {
+        $$.c = abc___pushpackage__($$.c, $1);
+        $$.t = 0;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    /* unknown object, let the avm2 resolve it */
+    if(1) {
+        //as3_softwarning("Couldn't resolve '%s', doing late binding", $1);
+        as3_warning("Couldn't resolve '%s', doing late binding", $1);
+        state->method->late_binding = 1;
+                
+        multiname_t m = {MULTINAME, 0, &nopackage_namespace_set, $1};
+
+        $$.t = 0;
+        $$.c = abc_findpropstrict2($$.c, &m);
+        $$.c = abc_getproperty2($$.c, &m);
+    }
+}
+
+// ----------------- namespaces -------------------------------------------------
+
+NAMESPACE_ID : "namespace" T_IDENTIFIER {
+    PASS12
+    NEW(namespace_decl_t,n);
+    n->name = $2;
+    n->url = $2;
+    $$=n;
+}
+NAMESPACE_ID : "namespace" T_IDENTIFIER '=' T_IDENTIFIER {
+    PASS12
+    NEW(namespace_decl_t,n);
+    n->name = $2;
+    n->url = $4;
+    $$=n;
+}
+NAMESPACE_ID : "namespace" T_IDENTIFIER '=' T_STRING {
+    PASS12
+    NEW(namespace_decl_t,n);
+    n->name = $2;
+    n->url = $4.str;
+    $$=n;
+}
+NAMESPACE_DECLARATION : MAYBE_MODIFIERS NAMESPACE_ID {
+    PASS12
+    trie_put(active_namespaces, $2->name, (void*)$2->url);
+
+    namespace_t access = modifiers2access(&$1);
+    varinfo_t* var = varinfo_register_global(access.access, state->package, $2->name);
+    var->type = TYPE_NAMESPACE;
+    namespace_t ns;
+    ns.access = ACCESS_NAMESPACE;
+    ns.name = $2->url;
+    var->value = constant_new_namespace(&ns);
+
+    $$=0;
+}
+
+%code {
+    void add_active_url(const char*url)
+    {
+        NEW(namespace_t,n);
+        n->name = url;
+        list_append(state->active_namespace_urls, n);
+    }
+};
+
+USE_NAMESPACE : "use" "namespace" CLASS_SPEC {
+    PASS12
+    const char*url = $3->name;
+
+    varinfo_t*s = (varinfo_t*)$3;
+    if(s->kind == INFOTYPE_UNRESOLVED) {
+        s = (varinfo_t*)registry_resolve((slotinfo_t*)s);
+        if(!s)
+            syntaxerror("Couldn't resolve namespace %s", $3->name);
+    }
+
+    if(!s || s->kind != INFOTYPE_SLOT)
+        syntaxerror("%s.%s is not a public namespace (%d)", $3->package, $3->name, s?s->kind:-1);
+    if(!s->value || !NS_TYPE(s->value->type))
+        syntaxerror("%s.%s is not a namespace", $3->package, $3->name);
+    url = s->value->ns->name;
+
+    trie_put(active_namespaces, $3->name, (void*)url);
+    add_active_url(url);
+    $$=0;
+}