--- /dev/null
+/*
+This is a Optical-Character-Recognition program
+Copyright (C) 2000-2006 Joerg Schulenburg
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+ Joerg.Schulenburg@physik.uni-magdeburg.de */
+
+/* Filter by tree, filter by number methods added by
+ * William Webber, william@williamwebber.com. */
+
+#include "pgm2asc.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/*
+ * Defining this causes assert() calls to be turned off runtime.
+ *
+ * This is normally taken care of by make.
+ */
+/* #define NDEBUG */
+
+// ------------------ (&~7)-pixmap-functions ------------------------
+
+/* test if pixel marked?
+ * Returns: 0 if not marked, least 3 bits if marked.
+ */
+int marked (pix * p, int x, int y) {
+ if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= p->x || y >= p->y)
+ return 0;
+ return (pixel_atp(p, x, y) & 7);
+}
+
+#define Nfilt3 6 /* number of 3x3 filter */
+/*
+ * Filters to correct possible scanning or image errors.
+ *
+ * Each of these filters represents a 3x3 pixel area.
+ * 0 represents a white or background pixel, 1 a black or
+ * foreground pixel, and 2 represents a pixel of either value.
+ * Note that this differs from the meaning of pixel values in
+ * the image, where a high value means "white" (background),
+ * and a low value means "black" (foreground).
+ *
+ * These filters are applied to the 3x3 environment of a pixel
+ * to be retrieved from the image, centered around that pixel
+ * (that is, the to-be-retrieved pixel corresponds with the
+ * the fifth position of the filter).
+ * If the filter matches that pixel environment, then
+ * the returned value of the pixel is inverted (black->white
+ * or white->black).
+ *
+ * So, for instance, the second filter below matches this
+ * pattern:
+ *
+ * 000
+ * X0X
+ * 000
+ *
+ * and "fills in" the middle (retrieved) pixel to rejoin a line
+ * that may have been broken by a scanning or image error.
+ */
+const char filt3[Nfilt3][9]={
+ {0,0,0, 0,0,1, 1,0,0}, /* (-1,-1) (0,-1) (1,-1) (-1,0) (0,0) ... */
+ {0,0,0, 1,0,1, 0,0,0},
+ {1,0,0, 0,0,1, 0,0,0},
+ {1,1,0, 0,1,0, 2,1,1},
+ {0,0,1, 0,0,0, 2,1,0},
+ {0,1,0, 0,0,0, 1,2,0}
+};
+/* 2=ignore_pixel, 0=white_background, 1=black_pixel */
+
+
+/*
+ * Filter by matrix uses the above matrix of filters directly. Pixel
+ * environments to be filtered are compared pixel by pixel against
+ * these filters.
+ *
+ * Filter by number converts these filters into integer representations
+ * and stores them in a table. Pixel environments are similarly
+ * converted to integers, and looked up in the table.
+ *
+ * Filter by tree converts these filters into a binary tree. Pixel
+ * environments are matched by traversing the tree.
+ *
+ * A typical performance ratio for these three methods is 20:9:7
+ * respectively (i.e., the tree method takes around 35% of the
+ * time of the matrix method).
+ */
+#define FILTER_BY_MATRIX 0
+#define FILTER_BY_NUMBER 1
+#define FILTER_BY_TREE 2
+
+#define FILTER_METHOD FILTER_BY_TREE
+
+/*
+ * Defining FILTER_CHECKED causes filter results from either the tree
+ * or the number method to be checked against results of the other
+ * two methods to ensure correctness. This is for bug checking purposes
+ * only.
+ */
+/* #define FILTER_CHECKED */
+
+/*
+ * Defining FILTER_STATISTICS causes statistics to be kept on how many
+ * times the filters are tried, how many times a filter matches, and
+ * of these matches how many flip a black pixel to white, and how many
+ * the reverse. These statistics are printed to stderr at the end of
+ * the program run. Currently, statistics are only kept if the tree
+ * filter method is being used.
+ */
+/* #define FILTER_STATISTICS */
+
+#ifdef FILTER_STATISTICS
+static int filter_tries = 0;
+static int filter_matches = 0;
+static int filter_blackened = 0;
+static int filter_whitened = 0;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FILTER_STATISTICS
+void print_filter_stats() {
+ fprintf(stderr, "\n# Error filter statistics: tries %d, matches %d, "
+ "blackened %d, whitened %d\n",
+ filter_tries, filter_matches, filter_blackened, filter_whitened);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if FILTER_METHOD == FILTER_BY_MATRIX || defined(FILTER_CHECKED)
+/*
+ * Filter the pixel at (x,y) by directly applying the matrix.
+ */
+int pixel_filter_by_matrix(pix * p, int x, int y) {
+ int i;
+ static char c33[9];
+ memset(c33, 0, sizeof(c33));
+ /* copy environment of a point (only highest bit)
+bbg: FASTER now. It has 4 ifs less at least, 8 at most. */
+ if (x > 0) { c33[3] = pixel_atp(p,x-1, y )>>7;
+ if (y > 0) c33[0] = pixel_atp(p,x-1,y-1)>>7;
+ if (y+1 < p->y) c33[6] = pixel_atp(p,x-1,y+1)>>7;
+ }
+ if (x+1 < p->x) { c33[5] = pixel_atp(p,x+1, y )>>7;
+ if (y > 0) c33[2] = pixel_atp(p,x+1,y-1)>>7;
+ if (y+1 < p->y) c33[8] = pixel_atp(p,x+1,y+1)>>7;
+ }
+ if (y > 0) c33[1] = pixel_atp(p, x ,y-1)>>7;
+ c33[4] = pixel_atp(p, x , y )>>7;
+ if (y+1 < p->y) c33[7] = pixel_atp(p, x ,y+1)>>7;
+
+ /* do filtering */
+ for (i = 0; i < Nfilt3; i++)
+ if( ( (filt3[i][0]>>1) || c33[0]!=(1 & filt3[i][0]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][1]>>1) || c33[1]!=(1 & filt3[i][1]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][2]>>1) || c33[2]!=(1 & filt3[i][2]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][3]>>1) || c33[3]!=(1 & filt3[i][3]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][4]>>1) || c33[4]!=(1 & filt3[i][4]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][5]>>1) || c33[5]!=(1 & filt3[i][5]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][6]>>1) || c33[6]!=(1 & filt3[i][6]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][7]>>1) || c33[7]!=(1 & filt3[i][7]) )
+ && ( (filt3[i][8]>>1) || c33[8]!=(1 & filt3[i][8]) ) ) {
+ return ((filt3[i][4])?JOB->cfg.cs:0);
+ }
+ return pixel_atp(p, x, y) & ~7;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if FILTER_METHOD == FILTER_BY_NUMBER || defined(FILTER_CHECKED)
+
+#define NUM_TABLE_SIZE 512 /* max value of 9-bit value */
+/*
+ * Recursively generates entries in the number table for a matrix filter.
+ *
+ * gen_num_filt is the number representation of the matrix filter.
+ * This generation is handled recursively because this is the easiest
+ * way to handle 2 (either value) entries in the filter, which lead
+ * to 2 distinct entries in the number table (one for each alternate
+ * value).
+ */
+void rec_generate_number_table(char * num_table, const char * filter,
+ int i, unsigned short gen_num_filt) {
+ if (i == 9) {
+ /* Invert the value of the number representation, to reflect the
+ * fact that the "white" is 0 in the filter, 1 (high) in the image. */
+ gen_num_filt = ~gen_num_filt;
+ gen_num_filt &= 0x01ff;
+ assert(gen_num_filt < NUM_TABLE_SIZE);
+ num_table[gen_num_filt] = 1;
+ } else {
+ if (filter[i] == 0 || filter[i] == 2)
+ rec_generate_number_table(num_table, filter, i + 1, gen_num_filt);
+ if (filter[i] == 1 || filter[i] == 2) {
+ gen_num_filt |= (1 << (8 - i));
+ rec_generate_number_table(num_table, filter, i + 1, gen_num_filt);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Filter the pixel at (x, y) using a number table.
+ *
+ * Each filter can be converted into a 9-bit representation, where
+ * filters containing 2 (either value) pixels are converted into
+ * a separate numerical representation for each pixel, where position
+ * i in the filter corresponds to bit i in the number. Each resulting
+ * numerical representation N is represented as a 1 value in the Nth
+ * position of a lookup table. A pixel's environment is converted in
+ * the same way to a numeric representation P, and that environment
+ * matches a filter if num_table[P] == 1.
+ */
+int pixel_filter_by_number(pix * p, int x, int y) {
+ unsigned short val = 0;
+ static char num_table[NUM_TABLE_SIZE];
+ static int num_table_generated = 0;
+ if (!num_table_generated) {
+ int f;
+ memset(num_table, 0, sizeof(num_table));
+ for (f = 0; f < Nfilt3; f++)
+ rec_generate_number_table(num_table, filt3[f], 0, 0);
+ num_table_generated = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* calculate a numeric value for the 3x3 square around the pixel. */
+ if (x > 0) { val |= (pixel_atp(p,x-1, y )>>7) << (8 - 3);
+ if (y > 0) val |= (pixel_atp(p,x-1,y-1)>>7) << (8 - 0);
+ if (y+1 < p->y) val |= (pixel_atp(p,x-1,y+1)>>7) << (8 - 6);
+ }
+ if (x+1 < p->x) { val |= (pixel_atp(p,x+1, y )>>7) << (8 - 5);
+ if (y > 0) val |= (pixel_atp(p,x+1,y-1)>>7) << (8 - 2);
+ if (y+1 < p->y) val |= (pixel_atp(p,x+1,y+1)>>7) << (8 - 8);
+ }
+ if (y > 0) val |= (pixel_atp(p, x ,y-1)>>7) << (8 - 1);
+ val |= (pixel_atp(p, x , y )>>7) << (8 - 4);
+ if (y+1 < p->y) val |= (pixel_atp(p, x ,y+1)>>7) << (8 - 7);
+ assert(val < NUM_TABLE_SIZE);
+
+ if (num_table[val])
+ return (val & (1 << 4)) ? 0 : JOB->cfg.cs;
+ else
+ return pixel_atp(p, x, y) & ~7;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if FILTER_METHOD == FILTER_BY_TREE || defined(FILTER_CHECKED)
+
+#define TREE_ARRAY_SIZE 1024
+/* 1+ number of nodes in a complete binary tree of height 10 */
+
+/*
+ * Recursively generate a tree representation of a filter.
+ */
+void rec_generate_tree(char * tree, const char * filter, int i, int n) {
+ assert(i >= 0 && i <= 9);
+ assert(n < TREE_ARRAY_SIZE);
+ if (i == 9) {
+ if (filter[4] == 0)
+ tree[n] = 2;
+ else
+ tree[n] = 1;
+ return;
+ }
+ /* first iteration has n == -1, does not set any values of the tree,
+ just to find whether to start to the left or the right */
+ if (n != -1)
+ tree[n] = 1;
+ if (filter[i] == 0)
+ rec_generate_tree(tree, filter, i + 1, n * 2 + 2);
+ else if (filter[i] == 1)
+ rec_generate_tree(tree, filter, i + 1, n * 2 + 3);
+ else {
+ rec_generate_tree(tree, filter, i + 1, n * 2 + 2);
+ rec_generate_tree(tree, filter, i + 1, n * 2 + 3);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Filter the pixel at (x, y) using the tree method.
+ *
+ * Each filter is represented by a single branch of a binary
+ * tree, except for filters contain "either value" entries, which
+ * bifurcate at that point in the branch. Each white pixel in the filter
+ * is a left branch in the tree, each black pixel a right branch. The
+ * final node of a branch indicates whether this filter turns a white
+ * pixel black, or a black one white.
+ *
+ * We match a pixel's environment against this tree by similarly
+ * using the pixels in that environment to traverse the tree. If
+ * we run out of nodes before getting to the end of a branch, then
+ * the environment doesn't match against any of the filters represented
+ * by the tree. Otherwise, we return the value specified by the
+ * final node.
+ *
+ * Since the total tree size, even including missing nodes, is small
+ * (2 ^ 10), we can use a standard array representation of a binary
+ * tree, where for the node tree[n], the left child is tree[2n + 2],
+ * and the right tree[2n + 3]. The only information we want
+ * from a non-leaf node is whether it exists (that is, is part of
+ * a filter-representing branch). We represent this with the value
+ * 1 at the node's slot in the array, the contrary by 0. For the
+ * leaf node, 0 again represents non-existence, 1 that the filter
+ * represented by this branch turns a black pixel white, and 2 a
+ * white pixel black.
+ */
+int pixel_filter_by_tree(pix * p, int x, int y) {
+ static char tree[TREE_ARRAY_SIZE];
+ static int tree_generated = 0;
+ int n;
+ int pixel_val = pixel_atp(p, x, y) & ~7;
+#ifdef FILTER_STATISTICS
+ static int registered_filter_stats = 0;
+ if (!registered_filter_stats) {
+ atexit(print_filter_stats);
+ registered_filter_stats = 1;
+ }
+ filter_tries++;
+#endif /* FILTER_STATISTICS */
+ if (!tree_generated) {
+ int f;
+ memset(tree, 0, sizeof(tree));
+ for (f = 0; f < Nfilt3; f++) {
+ const char * filter = filt3[f];
+ rec_generate_tree(tree, filter, 0, -1);
+ }
+ tree_generated = 1;
+ }
+ n = -1;
+
+ /* Note that for the image, low is black, high is white, whereas
+ * for the filter, 0 is white, 1 is black. For the image, then,
+ * high (white) means go left, low (black) means go right. */
+
+#define IS_BLACK(_dx,_dy) !(pixel_atp(p, x + (_dx), y + (_dy)) >> 7)
+#define IS_WHITE(_dx,_dy) (pixel_atp(p, x + (_dx), y + (_dy)) >> 7)
+#define GO_LEFT n = n * 2 + 2
+#define GO_RIGHT n = n * 2 + 3
+#define CHECK_NO_MATCH if (tree[n] == 0) return pixel_val
+
+ /* Top row */
+ if (y == 0) {
+ /* top 3 pixels off edge == black == right
+ n = 2 * (2 * (2 * -1 + 3) + 3) + 3 = 13 */
+ n = 13;
+ } else {
+ if (x == 0 || IS_BLACK(-1, -1))
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ else
+ GO_LEFT;
+
+ if (IS_WHITE(0, -1))
+ GO_LEFT;
+ else
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+
+ if (x + 1 == p->x || IS_BLACK(+1, -1))
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ else
+ GO_LEFT;
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+ }
+
+ /* Second row */
+ if (x == 0 || IS_BLACK(-1, 0))
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ else
+ GO_LEFT;
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+
+ if (IS_WHITE(0, 0))
+ GO_LEFT;
+ else
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+
+ if (x + 1 == p->x || IS_BLACK(+1, 0))
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ else
+ GO_LEFT;
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+
+ /* bottom row */
+ if (y + 1 == p->y) {
+ /* bottom 3 pixels off edge == black == right
+ n' = 2 * (2 * (2n + 3) + 3) + 3
+ = 2 * (4n + 9) + 3
+ = 8n + 21 */
+ n = 8 * n + 21;
+ } else {
+ if (x == 0 || IS_BLACK(-1, +1))
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ else
+ GO_LEFT;
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+
+ if (IS_WHITE(0, 1))
+ GO_LEFT;
+ else
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+
+ if (x + 1 == p->x || IS_BLACK(+1, +1))
+ GO_RIGHT;
+ else
+ GO_LEFT;
+ }
+ assert(n < TREE_ARRAY_SIZE);
+ assert(tree[n] == 0 || tree[n] == 1 || tree[n] == 2);
+ CHECK_NO_MATCH;
+#ifdef FILTER_STATISTICS
+ filter_matches++;
+#endif
+ if (tree[n] == 1) {
+#ifdef FILTER_STATISTICS
+ if (pixel_atp(p, x, y) < JOB->cfg.cs)
+ filter_whitened++;
+#endif
+ return JOB->cfg.cs;
+ } else {
+#ifdef FILTER_STATISTICS
+ if (pixel_atp(p, x, y) >= JOB->cfg.cs)
+ filter_blackened++;
+#endif
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* FILTER_METHOD == FILTER_BY_TREE */
+
+/*
+ * This simple filter attempts to correct "fax"-like scan errors.
+ */
+int pixel_faxfilter(pix *p, int x, int y) {
+ int r; // filter
+ r = pixel_atp(p,x,y)&~7;
+ /* {2,2,2, 2,0,1, 2,1,0} */
+ if ((r&128) && (~pixel_atp(p,x+1, y )&128)
+ && (~pixel_atp(p, x ,y+1)&128)
+ && ( pixel_atp(p,x+1,y+1)&128))
+ r = 64; /* faxfilter */
+
+ else
+ /* {2,2,2, 1,0,2, 0,1,2} */
+ if ((r&128) && (~pixel_atp(p,x-1, y )&128)
+ && (~pixel_atp(p, x ,y+1)&128)
+ && ( pixel_atp(p,x-1,y+1)&128))
+ r = 64; /* faxfilter */
+ return r & ~7;
+}
+
+#ifdef FILTER_CHECKED
+/*
+ * Print out the 3x3 environment of a pixel as a 9-bit binary.
+ *
+ * For debugging purposes only.
+ */
+void print_pixel_env(FILE * out, pix * p, int x, int y) {
+ int x0, y0;
+ for (y0 = y - 1; y0 < y + 2; y0++) {
+ for (x0 = x - 1; x0 < x + 2; x0++) {
+ if (x0 < 0 || x0 >= p->x || y0 < 0 || y0 >= p->y)
+ fputc('?', out);
+ else if (pixel_atp(p, x0, y0) >> 7)
+ fputc('0', out);
+ else
+ fputc('1', out);
+ }
+ }
+}
+#endif
+
+/* this function is heavily used
+ * test if pixel was set, remove low bits (marks) --- later with error-correction
+ * result depends on n_run, if n_run>0 filter are used
+ * Returns: pixel-color (without marks)
+ */
+int getpixel(pix *p, int x, int y){
+ if ( x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= p->x || y >= p->y )
+ return 255 & ~7;
+
+ /* filter will be used only once later, when vectorization replaces pixel
+ * processing
+ */
+ if (JOB->tmp.n_run > 0) { /* use the filters (correction of errors) */
+#if FILTER_METHOD == FILTER_BY_NUMBER
+ int pix = pixel_filter_by_number(p, x, y);
+#ifdef FILTER_CHECKED
+ int pix2 = pixel_filter_by_matrix(p, x, y);
+ if (pix != pix2) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "# BUG: pixel_filter: by number: %d; by matrix: %d, "
+ "by atp %d; env: ", pix, pix2, pixel_atp(p, x, y) & ~7);
+ print_pixel_env(stderr, p, x, y);
+ fputc('\n', stderr);
+ }
+#endif /* FILTER_CHECKED */
+ return pix;
+#elif FILTER_METHOD == FILTER_BY_MATRIX
+ return pixel_filter_by_matrix(p, x, y);
+#elif FILTER_METHOD == FILTER_BY_TREE
+ int pix = pixel_filter_by_tree(p, x, y);
+#ifdef FILTER_CHECKED
+ int pix2 = pixel_filter_by_matrix(p, x, y);
+ int pix3 = pixel_filter_by_number(p, x, y);
+ if (pix != pix2 || pix != pix3) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "# BUG: pixel_filter: tree: %d; matrix: %d, "
+ "number: %d, atp %d; env: ", pix, pix2, pix3,
+ pixel_atp(p, x, y) & ~7);
+ print_pixel_env(stderr, p, x, y);
+ fputc('\n', stderr);
+ }
+#endif /* FILTER_CHECKED */
+ return pix;
+#else
+#error FILTER_METHOD not defined
+#endif /* FILTER_BY_NUMBER */
+ }
+
+ return (pixel_atp(p,x,y) & ~7);
+}
+
+/* modify pixel, test if out of range */
+void put(pix * p, int x, int y, int ia, int io) {
+ if (x < p->x && x >= 0 && y >= 0 && y < p->y)
+ pixel_atp(p, x, y) = (pixel_atp(p, x, y) & ia) | io;
+}
git.asbjorn.biz / swftools.git / blobdiff